Exam (elaborations)
OBGYN Exam 1
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OBGYN Exam 1 OBGYN Exam 1 OBGYN Exam 1
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OBGYN Exam 1What are the basics covered in the text? - ANS Anatomy & Physiology
Who is the author of the text? - ANS Edward Linn, M.D.
What is the term for the skeletal structure of an unborn baby? - ANS Fetal Skull
What is being presented in the text? - ANS Part
What is the term mentioned in the text related to geometry? - ANS Vertex
What is the presenting part in vertex presentation with asynclitism? - ANS Asynclitism (vertex
presentation)
What term is used to describe vertex presentation with asynclitism? - ANS Asynclitism
What is Part-Vertex (Caput) Asynclitism? - ANS Vertex presentation causing caput to be eccentric on
the baby's head.
What does Asynclitism in vertex presentation result in? - ANS Caput being eccentric on the baby's
head.
What is the term for the subject matter 'Fetal Skull'? - ANS Fetal Skull
"What is the advantage of the ""well flexed head"" in terms of the presenting part?" - ANS
Flexion/Extension Advantage
What term describes the position of the head that provides an advantage in the presenting part? -
ANS well flexed
What is being presented in the text? - ANS Part (Vertex) Face Presentation
,What is the term mentioned after 'Presentation'? - ANS Mentum
Who delivers anterior in the text? - ANS Mentum
Who doesn't deliver posterior in the text? - ANS Mentum
What is Chadwick's sign? - ANS The vagina and cervix develop a bluish hue due to increased blood
supply.
What causes breasts to enlarge and their areolae to darken during pregnancy? - ANS Melanocyte
stimulating hormone effect.
What happens to the uterus during pregnancy? - ANS It expands, occupying most of the abdominal
cavity.
Why is lordosis common during pregnancy? - ANS Due to the change of the body's center of gravity.
What does relaxing cause during pregnancy? - ANS Relaxing causes pelvic ligaments and the pubic
symphysis to relax.
What is the term for an excessive inward curvature of the spine in the lower back? - ANS LUMBAR
LORDOSIS
What is written on the sign? - ANS CHADWICKS' SIGN
Whose sign is it? - ANS CHADWICKS'
What is one of the effects of pregnancy discussed in the text? - ANS Weight Gain
What hormone is secreted by the placenta during pregnancy to stimulate the maturation of the
breasts? - ANS Human placental lactogen (hPL), also called human chorionic somatomammotropin
(hCS)
,What is the role of hPL during pregnancy? - ANS hPL promotes growth of the fetus and exerts a
maternal glucose-sparing effect.
Which hormone increases maternal metabolism during pregnancy? - ANS Human chorionic
thyrotropin (hCT)
Why are parathyroid hormone levels high during pregnancy? - ANS To ensure a positive calcium
balance.
What is pregnancy considered in terms of diabetes? - ANS Pregnancy is considered a Diabetogenic
State.
What is the effect of estrogen, progesterone, hPL, and cortisol on insulin? - ANS They act as insulin
antagonists, causing insulin resistance.
How does hPL affect metabolism? - ANS hPL affects protein, fat, and carbohydrate metabolism.
What are the effects of hPL on metabolism? - ANS Increased lipolysis, increased free fatty acids, and
increased insulin resistance.
What are some potential fetal morbidities and mortalities? - ANS Fetal Macrosomia, Hypoglycemia,
Respiratory distress syndrome, Cardiomyopathy, Hyperbilirubinemia and polycythemia, Congenital
malformations, Fetal death
Name a condition that can occur in newborns due to excessive bilirubin levels. - ANS
Hyperbilirubinemia
What is a potential respiratory complication that can affect newborns? - ANS Respiratory distress
syndrome
What are some changes that can occur in the breast? - ANS Tenderness, increase in size, production
of colostrum, prominent Montgomery glands
, What is colostrum? - ANS The first milk produced by the mammary glands during pregnancy before
regular breast milk is produced.
What is the volume of the uterine cavity pre-pregnant? - ANS 10 ml
What is the volume of the uterine cavity during pregnancy? - ANS 5 liters - 20 liters
What is the weight of the uterus in a pre-pregnant patient? - ANS 70 grams
What is the average weight of the uterus at term? - ANS 1110 grams
How does the uterus enlarge during pregnancy? - ANS As a result of both stretching and hypertrophy
of individual muscle cells
What causes the uterus to undergo dextrorotation? - ANS Commonly causes a slight right-sided
hydronephrosis
At what gestational age does the uterus become an abdominal organ? - ANS 12 weeks
What is the uterine blood flow as a percentage of cardiac output? - ANS 10-20%
What is the average uterine blood flow in ml/min? - ANS 450-600 ml/min
What are Striae Gravidarum? - ANS Stretch Marks
What is Diastasis Rectus Abdominis? - ANS The separation of the abdominal muscles
What is Linea Alba turning into? - ANS Linea Nigra (MSH)
What is Chloasma? - ANS Brown patches on the face and neck
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