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Pathophysiology NU 545-- Unit 5-- Pulmonary/ Kidney I All answers complete & correctly stated. Pathophysiology NU 545-- Unit 5-- Pulmonary/ Kidney I All answers complete & correctly stated. Pathophysiology NU 545-- Unit 5-- Pulmonary/ Kidney I All answers$8.49
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Pathophysiology NU 545-- Unit 5-- Pulmonary/ Kidney I All answers complete & correctly stated. Pathophysiology NU 545-- Unit 5-- Pulmonary/ Kidney I All answers complete & correctly stated. Pathophysiology NU 545-- Unit 5-- Pulmonary/ Kidney I All answers
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Course
Advanced pathophysiology
Institution
Advanced Pathophysiology
Pathophysiology NU 545-- Unit 5-- Pulmonary/ Kidney I All answers complete & correctly stated.
Pathophysiology NU 545-- Unit 5-- Pulmonary/ Kidney I All answers complete & correctly stated.
Pathophysiology NU 545-- Unit 5-- Pulmonary/ Kidney I All answers complete & correctly stated.
Pathophysio...
Pathophysiology NU 545-- Unit 5--
Pulmonary/ Kidney I All answers
complete & correctly stated.
Pathophysiology NU 545-- Unit 5--
Pulmonary/ Kidney I All answers
complete & correctly stated.
Alveolar Type 1 cells - answer- Cells which provides structure for alveoli.
Alveolar Type 2 cells - answer- Cells of the alveoli which secrete surfactant.
Surfactant - answer- A lipoprotein that coats the inner surface of the alveolus and
facilitates its expansion during inspiration. Lowers alveolar surface tension at end
expiration and prevents lung collapse. Contributes to control of lung inflammation and
innate and adaptive immunity.
Surface Tension - answer- The tendency for liquid molecules that are exposed to air to
adhere to one another. This phenomenon decreases the surface area exposed to the
air.
Law of Laplace - answer- The pressure required to inflate a sphere is equal to two times
the surface tension divided by the radius of the sphere, or P=2T/r.
Alveolar ventilation - answer- Distention, is made possible by surfactant, which lowers
the surface tension by coating the air-liquid interface in the alveoli.
Infant Surfactant - answer- Is produced by 20-24 weeks of gestation and is secreted into
the fetal airways by 30 weeks.
Chronic Bronchitis - answer- Hypersecretion of mucous and chronic productive cough
that continues for at least 3 months of the year (usually the winter months) for at least 2
consecutive years.
Patho of Chronic Bronchitis - answer- Inspired irritants result in airway inflammation with
infiltration of neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes into the bronchial wall.
Manifestations of Chronic Bronchitis - answer- Decreased exercise intolerance,
wheezing, and SOB, productive cough, evidence of airway obstruction (decrease in
FEV1) on spirometry, copious amounts of sputum, frequent pulmonary infections, FVC
and FEV1 values are markedly reduced,FRC and Residual volume (RV) measurements
are increased, decreased alveolar ventilation, increased PaCO2,polycythemia,
cyanosis, pulmonary HTN, cor pulmonale which can lead to severe disability or death.
, Pathophysiology NU 545-- Unit 5--
Pulmonary/ Kidney I All answers
complete & correctly stated.
Ventilation - answer- The mechanical movement of gas or air into and out the lungs.
Respiration - answer- The exchange of O2 and CO2 during cellular metabolism.
PAO2 - answer- The amount of oxygen in the alveoli.
Gas Transport - answer- The delivery of oxygen to the cells of the body and the removal
of CO2.
Pors of Kohn - answer- Tiny pores which permit some air to pass through the septa
from alveolus to alveolus, promoting collateral ventilation and even distribution of air
among the alveoli.
Asthma - answer- A chronic inflammatory disorder of the bronchial mucosa that causes
bronchial hyperresponsiveness, constriction of the airways, and variable airflow
obstruction that is reversible.
Acinus - answer- Consists of respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli.
Early Asthmatic Response - answer- Antigen exposure to bronchial mucosa activates
dendritic cells to present the antigen to CD4+ Tcells, which differentiate into Th2 cells.
These cells release numerous cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-8 & IL-13.
IL-4 - answer- In Asthmatic response it stimulates B-cell activation, proliferation, and
production of antigen-specific IgE.
IgE - answer- In asthmatic response it causes mast cell degranulation with the release
of a large number of inflammatory mediators (histamine, prostaglandins, and
leukotrienes)
IL-5 - answer- In asthmatic response it stimulates the activation, migration, and
proliferation of eosinophils, which cause direct tissue injury and release toxic
neuropeptides that contribute to increased bronchial hyperresponsiveness, fibroblast
proliferation, and airway scarring.
IL-8 - answer- In asthmatic response it activates polymorphonucleocytes that contribute
to a more exaggerated inflammatory response.
IL-13 - answer- In asthmatic response it impairs mucociliary clearance, enhances
fibroblast secretion, and contributes to bronchoconstriction.
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