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WGU C458 HEALTH,WELLNESS AND FITNESS (OA) OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT EXAM ACTUAL EXAM TEST BANK
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WGU C458 HEALTH,WELLNESS AND FITNESS (OA) OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT EXAM ACTUAL EXAM TEST BANK
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WGU C458 HEALTH,WELLNESS AND FITNESS (OA)OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT EXAM ACTUAL EXAM TEST
BANK
Nutrition - ANSWER: provides the body with the nutrients it needs to perform its
daily tasks
Undernutrition - ANSWER: implies that the individual is not getting enough
nutrients. This can occur even if the person is consuming more than enough
calories
Malnutrition - ANSWER: an imbalance of proper nutrients
Anorexia nervosa - ANSWER: literally means loss of appetite, but this is a
misnomer: A person with this is hungry, but denies the hunger because of an
irrational fear of becoming fat. Self-starvation, food preoccupation and rituals,
compulsive exercising, and often an absence of menstrual cycles in women.
Untreated, can be fatal.
Bulimia - ANSWER: characterized by recurring periods of binge eating, during which
large amounts of food are consumed in a short period of time followed by purging
(through self-induced vomiting, abuse of laxatives and/or diuretics) or periods of
fasting
Binge eating disorder (BED) - ANSWER: episodes of binge eating characterized by
eating rapidly, eating large amounts of food even when not feeling hungry, and
feeling guilty or depressed after overeating.
Obesity - ANSWER: 15 to 20 percent above normal weight. Poor dietary patterns;
include increased intake of sugars in sweetened soft drinks, foods, and meals of
high energy, low nutrient density, and large portion sizes. At risk for serious health
problems such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, stroke, and some
types of cancer.
Minerals - ANSWER: inorganic material. Form body parts (teeth and bones),
maintain acid-base neutrality, regulate nerve impulses, osmotic pressure, and
electrolyte balance
Major minerals - ANSWER: needed by the body:
• calcium—milk, cheese, sardines, salmon, green vegetables
• phosphorus—milk, cheese, lean meat
• potassium—oranges, bananas, dried fruits
• sulfur—eggs, poultry, fish
• sodium—table salt, beef, eggs, cheese
• chloride—table salt, meat
• magnesium—green vegetables, whole grains
,Trace minerals - ANSWER: required in lesser amounts, and include iron, zinc,
selenium, magnesium, copper, iodine, fluorine, chromium, molybdenum, and
manganese
HDL cholesterol (high density lipoproteins) - ANSWER: protect the body against
heart disease. Often called "good" cholesterol.
LDL cholesterol (low density lipoproteins) - ANSWER: most cholesterol in the blood
is of this type. Often referred to as the bad cholesterol. high levels in the blood
increases the risk of fatty deposits forming in the arteries, which in turn increases
the risk of a heart attack
Lipoproteins - ANSWER: large molecules of fat and protein in the bloodstream; how
cholesterol is transported
Antioxidants - ANSWER: slow the aging process. Reduce cellular damage by binding
with free radicals produced during oxidation reactions
Oxidation reactions - ANSWER: the energy-yielding reactions in which either an
oxygen atom adds an electron to or a hydrogen atom removes an electron from a
substrate (a group of atoms or molecule)—the net result is a substrate that has
had a partial or complete loss of a negatively charge particle, an electron. Two
partially charged atoms or groups of atoms, one positively charged and the other
negatively charged, now exist
Free radical (Oxidant) - ANSWER: any atom or group of atoms that has an unpaired
electron. Because electrons typically function in pairs, these are very prone to
binding to other substrates in an effort to regain this paired status. When this
happens in the human body, there is potential for a great deal of damage.
Carbohydrates - ANSWER: produce 4 calories of energy per gram. Found in foods as
monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Sources include fruits,
vegetables, pasta, and rice which consist of simple sugars and starches
Protein - ANSWER: produce 4 calories of energy per gram. Sources include meats
and milk. Composed of 8 essential(provided by the diet) and 12
nonessential(synthesized by the body) amino acids. Perform many functions
including building cells and tissues, forming blood and enzymes, and fighting
infection.
means primary, and no organism can live, and almost no biological process can
take place, without it
Lipids - ANSWER: produce 9 calories of energy per gram. Organic compounds that
do not readily dissolve in water; based on their solubility, they are classified into
triglycerides (more commonly known as fats), phospholipids, and sterols
, Incomplete protein - ANSWER: proteins that are lacking one or more of the
essential amino acids
Glycogen - ANSWER: the polysaccharide form in which glucose is stored in the liver
Glucose - ANSWER: simple sugar. The only source of energy that brain cells use to
function
Triglycerides (Fats) - ANSWER: Solid at room temperature. Group of chemical
compounds that contain fatty acids, often in very long strands. Most concentrated
source of energy in the diet. Provides much of the stored energy of the body.
Insulate body organs against changes in environmental temperature. Protect the
organs and underlying tissues by acting as a shock absorber.
Water - ANSWER: essential component of body structure. Second only to oxygen in
importance to body functioning. Acts as a solvent for minerals and other
physiologically important compounds. In the body, it transports nutrients to and
waste products from the cells and helps regulate body temperature. Comes from
fluids and solids in the diet and also is produced by the metabolic processing of
energy nutrients within the tissues
Oils - ANSWER: liquid at room temperature.
Vitamins - ANSWER: organic compounds required by every part of the body to
maintain health and prevent disease. Classified as either fat-soluble or water-
soluble. Do not become part of the body. Only small amounts are needed, but must
be provided by the diet because the body is not able to synthesize them in the
required quantities for proper nourishment and body function. Foster growth,
promote the ability to produce healthy offspring, maintain health, aid in the normal
function of the digestive tract and appetite, and help maintain immune system
functions.
Fat-soluble vitamins - ANSWER: found in the fatty parts of food and body tissues.
Stored in the body until needed, so it is not necessary to consume them every day.
Transported by lipids through the body; A, D, E, and K
Vitamin A - ANSWER: important in promoting growth and health of body tissues as
well as enhancing the function of the immune system. Enhances vision by helping
the retina function properly, permitting us to distinguish between light and shade
and to see various colors distinctly. A form of this is used by dermatologists to treat
acne and other skin disorders. Overdoses may result in yellowish, dry, scaly skin and
dry, irritated eyes
Vitamin D - ANSWER: essential for calcium absorption and thus is needed to prevent
and cure rickets(deficiency disease in which bones fail to harden)
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