Pathophysiology--NU545-- UNIT 7 --
Chromosomes, Cancers, Burns, and
Shock 113 QUIZZES & CORRECT
SOLUTIONS.
Pathophysiology--NU545-- UNIT 7 --
Chromosomes, Cancers, Burns, and
Shock 113 QUIZZES & CORRECT
SOLUTIONS.
Characteristics of Down Syndrome - ANSWER- low nasal bridge -epicanthal folds -
protruding tongue -low-set, flat ears -Poor muscle tone -short stature
Patho Down Syndrome - ANSWER- About 97% of cases are caused by nondisjunction
during the formation of one of the parent's metes of during early embryonic
development. The remaining 3% result from translocations.
Cystic Fibrosis - ANSWER- An autosomal recessive inherited disorder that is
associated with defective epithelial chloride ion transport. Defective gene is located on
chromosome 7.
Locus - ANSWER- Each gene occupies a position along a chromosome
Alleles - ANSWER- Genes at particular locus can take different forms (ie. They can be
composed of different nucleotides sequences).
Heterozygote - ANSWER- In many loci the effects of one allele mask those of another
when the two are found together .
Dominant - ANSWER- The allele whose effects are observable.
Recessive - ANSWER- The allele whose effects are hidden.
Carrier - ANSWER- An individual who has a disease-causing allele but is phenotypically
normal.
Criteria for Autosomal Recessive - ANSWER- 1. Males and females are affected in
equal proportions
2. Consanguinity is sometimes present
3. The disease is seen in siblings but usually not in their parents
4. On the average, one fourth of the offspring of carrier parents will be affected.
, Pathophysiology--NU545-- UNIT 7 --
Chromosomes, Cancers, Burns, and
Shock 113 QUIZZES & CORRECT
SOLUTIONS.
Risk factors for Diabetes Mellitus 2 - ANSWER- Age, Obesity, hypertension, physical
inactivity, family Hx, Metabolic Syndrome, and Polycystic Ovary syndrome.
Carcinoma - ANSWER- Epithelial cell tumor.
-They originate from highly differentiated and polarized epithelial cells that form
structured sheets stabilized by multiple adherences to neighboring cells and to
basement membrane (an extracellular meshwork of collagens and other connective
tissue proteins) along the cells' basal surface.
Neovascularization - ANSWER- New tumor-associated blood vessel growth or
angiogenesis. It offers malignant cells direct access into the venous blood, and draining
lymphatics can carry malignant cells to regional lymph nodes.
Adjuvant Chemotherapy - ANSWER- Chemotherapy given after surgical excision of a
cancer with the goal of eliminating micrometastases.
Induction chemotherapy - ANSWER- Seeks to cause shrinkage or disappearance of
tumors.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy - ANSWER- Is given before localized treatment of cancer
(radiation or surgical).
DES - ANSWER- A drug prescribed by physicians from 1938-1971 to prevent
spontaneous miscarriage in women with previous miscarriage.
-In 1971 it was identified as a transplacental chemical carcinogen b/c a small
percentage of the daughters of the women who took this drug developed
adenocarcinoma of the vagina and cervix.
Proto-oncogenes - ANSWER- Genes which code for proteins that help to regulate
normal cell growth and differentiation. If mutated, proto-oncogenes become oncogenes
that help to turn normal cells into cancer cells. Changes produced by specific
oncogenes cause the cell cycle to become dysregulated.
N-myc - ANSWER- An oncogene identified in pediatric cancer specifically in
neuroblastoma and glioblastoma. Tumor suppressor genes arise from genes that
normally suppress cancer cell proliferation but have lost their suppressor function, thus
leading to uncontrolled growth.
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