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NURS 251 PHARMACOLOGY EXAM WITH QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS 100% PASS
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NURS 251 PHARMACOLOGY EXAM WITH QUESTIONS AND CORRECTANSWERS 100% PASS 2024-2025
10 rights of medication administration
1. Right Medication
2. Right Dose
3. Right Time
4. Right Route
5. Right Client
6. Right Client Education
7. Right Documentation
8. Right to Refuse
9. Right Reason
10. Right Evaluation
drug
any chemical that affects the physiologic processes of a living organism
Pharmacology
study or science of drugs
Pharmaceutics
The science of preparing and dispensing drugs, including dosage form design.
Enteral dosage forms
Tablets, capsules, oral soluble wafers, pills, timed-release capsules, timed-release
tablets, elixirs, suspensions, syrups, emulsions, lozenges or troches, rectal
suppositories, sublingual or buccal tablets
Parenteral Dosage Forms
Injectable forms, solutions, suspensions, emulsions, powders for reconstitution
Topical dosage forms
,Aerosols, ointments, creams, pastes, powders, solutions, foams, gels, transdermal
patches, inhalers, rectal and vaginal suppositories
Pharmacokinetics
study of what the body does to the drug and the study of ADME
ADME
absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
Pharmacodynamics
the study of the biochemical and physiological interactions of drugs at their sites of
activity.
Pharmacotherapeutics
The treatment of pathologic conditions through the use of drugs
Pharmacognosy
The study of drugs that are obtained from natural plant and animal sources.
Pharmacogenetics
the study of the influence on genetic factors on drug response
Toxicology
The study of poisons, including toxic drug effects, and applicable treatments.
Pharmacoeconomics
The study of economic factors impacting the cost of drug therapy.
3 types of drug names
chemical, generic, trade
chemical drug name
Describes the drug's chemical composition and molecular structure
Generic drug name
official, nonproprietary name for the drug
Trade drug name
also known as brand or proprietary name. This is the name under which a manufacturer
markets the medication.
,Enteral route - absorption
the drug is absorbed though the mucosa of the stomach, small intestine, or large
intestine
Parenteral Route
anywhere other than the GI tract - usually implies injection
Topical Route
administration of drugs directly to body surfaces - skin, eyes, ears, nose, lungs, rectum,
vagina
Inhalation route
inhaled drugs are delivered directly to the lungs as micrometre-sized drug particles
Absorption
the movement of a drug from its site of administration into the bloodstream for
distribution to tissues
Distribution
transport of a drug by the blood stream to the drugs site of action
Metabolism
biochemical conversion of a drug to any of the following: an inactive metabolite, a more
water-soluble compound, a more potent metabolite, a less active metabolite
Organ most responsible for metabolism of a drug
the liver
Excretion
the removal of drugs from the body
Primary organ responsible for drug elimination
the kidney
Substrates
target drugs for specific enzymes - any drug that binds with an enzyme
Lipophilic
fat loving
Hydrophilic
, water loving
drug-drug interaction
when the presence of one drug increases or decreases the action of another drug
administered simultaneously
"free drug"
active- unbound portion of a drug bound to albumin
"bound drug"
portion of the drug bound to the albumin- inactive
Albumin
most abundant blood protein and carries the majority of the protein-bound drug
molecules
Bioavailability
refers to the extent of drug absorption
Transdermal route
method of drug delivery through adhesive drug patches
Subcutaneous route
injections into the fatty subcutaneous tissues under the dermal layer of the skin
Intramuscular (IM)
injections given into the muscle beneath the subcutaneous fatty tissue
Intravenous (IV)
delivers the drug directly into circulation where it is distributed by the bloodstream
throughout the body
Sublingual & Buccal route
Under tongue, in cheek
Therapeutic effect
A positive/intended change in a faulty physiological system
Pharmacodynamics
the relationship between the drug concentrations and the pharmacological response
(actions of the drug)
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