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WSU BIOLOGY 106 EXAM 2
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WSU BIOLOGY 106 EXAM 2
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WSU BIOLOGY 106 EXAM 2 ACTUAL EXAM 2 LATEST VERSIONS(VERSION A & B) ACTUAL EXAM
Differentiation - ANSWER: process in which cells become specialized in structure and
function
roots - ANSWER: Absorbs water and minerals from the ground. Anchors plant in
ground.
shoots - ANSWER: The aerial portion of a plant body, consisting of stems, leaves, and
flowers.
vascular tissue - ANSWER: Transports nutrients throughout a plant; can be long
distance. Happens within Xylem and Phloem
Xylem - ANSWER: vascular tissue that carries water upward from the roots to every
part of a plant
Phloem - ANSWER: Living vascular tissue that carries sugar and organic substances
throughout a plant
Diffusion - ANSWER: Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration
to an area of lower concentration.
selective permeability - ANSWER: A property of a plasma membrane that allows
some substances to cross more easily than others.
plasma membrane - ANSWER: The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts
as a selective barrier, thereby regulating the cell's chemical composition.
Co-transport - ANSWER: Transport across a cell membrane in which movement of
one substance relies on the movement of another in the same direction.
symplast - ANSWER: System of transport within a plant consisting of openings in cell
walls called plasmodesmata.
apoplast - ANSWER: In plants, the continuum of cell walls plus the extracellular
spaces.
endodermis - ANSWER: The innermost layer of the cortex in plant roots; a cylinder
one cell thick that forms the boundary between the cortex and the vascular cylinder.
root hairs - ANSWER: tiny hair-like extensions that increase the surface area of the
root allowing it to absorbs more water and nutrients
, Osmosis - ANSWER: Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
active transport - ANSWER: Energy-requiring process that moves material across a
cell membrane against a concentration difference
bulk flow - ANSWER: the movement of a fluid driven by pressure
water potential - ANSWER: The physical property predicting the direction in which
water will flow, governed by solute concentration and applied pressure.
Cohesion - ANSWER: Attraction between molecules of the same substance
Adhesion - ANSWER: An attraction between molecules of different substances
transpiration-cohesion-tension mechanism - ANSWER: A transport mechanism that
drives the upward movement of water in plants.
Stomata - ANSWER: Small openings on the underside of a leaf through which oxygen
and carbon dioxide can move
sugar source - ANSWER: A plant organ in which sugar is being produced by either
photosynthesis or the breakdown of starch. Mature leaves are the primary sugar
sources of plants.
sugar sink - ANSWER: A plant organ that is a net consumer or storer of sugar.
Growing roots, shoot tips, stems, and fruits are sugar sinks supplied by phloem.
Auxin - ANSWER: A plant hormone that speeds up the rate of growth of plant cells
Ethylene - ANSWER: The only gaseous plant hormone. Among its many effects are
response to mechanical stress, programmed cell death, leaf abscission, and fruit
ripening.
Gravitropism - ANSWER: A growth response to gravity
statoliths - ANSWER: specialized plastids containing dense starch grains, that let
plants know up from down.
thigmorphogenesis - ANSWER: A response in plants to chronic mechanical
stimulation, resulting from increased ethylene production; example is thickening
stems in response to strong winds
how does plant respond to salt stress - ANSWER: produces solutes at a high
concentration
what helps plant deal with heat stress - ANSWER: Heat Shock Proteins (HSP)
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