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WSU BIOLOGY 106 EXAM 2
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WSU BIOLOGY 106 EXAM 2
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WSU BIOLOGY 106 EXAM 2 ACTUAL EXAM 2 LATEST VERSIONS(VERSION A & B) ACTUAL EXAM
Fungi - ANSWER: heterotrophs that feed by absorption
Heterotrophs - ANSWER: absorb nutrients from outside the body
Roles of fungi - ANSWER: decomposers, parasites, mutualists (symbiotic and
microrizzae), early land colonizers
What do fungi use to break complex molecules? - ANSWER: Enzymes
Chitin - ANSWER: made of cellulose, make up the cell walls of fungi
Hyphae - ANSWER: continuous strands above/below ground, generate spores,
colonizes soil
Mycellum - ANSWER: a collective group of hyphae
Karyogamy - ANSWER: fusion of genetic information
Diploid phase following karyogamy - ANSWER: short lived (2n) spore producing
structures and (1n) spores
Chytrids - ANSWER: -found in freshwater and terrestrial habitats
-decomposers, mutualistic, saprobic, or parasitic
-diverged early in fungal evolution
-zoospores: flagellated spores
Zygomycetes - ANSWER: fast growing bread and fruit molds, zygosporangia
zygosporangia - ANSWER: site of karyogamy and then meiosis
Pilobolus - ANSWER: aim their sporangia to the light
Glomeromycetes - ANSWER: Arbuscular mycorrhizae
Mutually beneficial relationships between fungi and plant roots
Mycorrhizae - ANSWER: -"fungus roots"
-delivers minerals and receives organic nutrients
-increase plant productivity
-strong added benefit to plants
Ectomycorrhizal fungi - ANSWER: grow in extracellular spaces of roots
, Endomycorrihizal fungi - ANSWER: hyphae go through cell wall to plasma membrane
Ascomycetes - ANSWER: -produce saclike asci contained in fruiting bodies called
ascocarps
Ascocarps - ANSWER: cup like structures that produce spores
Basidiomycetes - ANSWER: -Decomposers of wood
-mushrooms, puffballs, shelf fungi, mycorrhizae, plant parasites
Decomposers - ANSWER: essential recycling between living and nonliving world
Fungus plant symbiosis - ANSWER: mycorrhizae
Fungus animal symbiosis - ANSWER: help break down plant material
Lichens - ANSWER: symbiotic association of photosynthetic microorganisms held in
fungal hyphae
Algae or cyanobacteria - ANSWER: occupy an inner layer below lichen surface
Pathogens - ANSWER: parasites in or on plants, 30% of known fungal species
Practical uses of fungi - ANSWER: -make cheese, alc, bread
-genetic research on fungi is leading to applications in biotechnology
-antibiotics produced by fungi treat bacterial infections
Derived traits of land plants - ANSWER: -apical meristems
-alternation of generations (diploid to haploid)
-walled spores produced in sporangia
-multicellular gametangia
-multicellular dependent embryos
Gametophyte - ANSWER: produces gametes
Sporophyte - ANSWER: produces spores from which the gametophyte arises
Additional derived units - ANSWER: cuticle and secondary compounds, evolved in
many plant species
Land plants can be informally grouped - ANSWER: based on the presence or absence
of vascular tissue
Bryophytes - ANSWER: -non vascular plants
-liverworts, hornworts, mosses
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