Describe the process of protein production. - ANSWERS-1) Proteins
synthesized on ribosomes bound to ER
2) Pass into cisternae
3) Packaged in transport vesicles
4) Move to Golgi via cytoskeleton
5) Fuse with cis face
6) Modified
7) Leave through trans face
Describe microFILAMENTS. - ANSWERS-Contractile fibres formed from
actin.
Responsible for cell movement and contraction.
Give details of precursor enzymes. - ANSWERS-apoenzyme + activator =
holoenzyme
,"proenzyme": precursor activated by change in conditions
Describe the process of active transport. - ANSWERS-1) Molecule binds
to receptors in carrier protein on outside
2) ATP binds to carrier on inside
3) ATP hydrolyzed to form ADP and phosphate
4) Phosphate changes shape of carrier
Describe keratin. - ANSWERS-Fibrous protein.
Large proportion of cysteine (containing sulfur).
Many strong disulfide bridges.
Describe elastin. - ANSWERS-Fibrous protein in elastic fibres.
Quaternary.
Made of small, soluble tropoelastin molecules linked together via
interactions between hydrophobic areas.
Alternate hydrophobic and lysine-rich areas.
Cross-linking covalent bonds between lysine.
Describe collagen. - ANSWERS-Fibrous protein.
, 3 polypeptides wound in rope-like structure.
Every third amino acid in glycine (small).
R groups in proline and hydroxyproline repel each other.
Describe cartilage. - ANSWERS-Connective tissue.
Chondrocyte cells embedded in matrix containing fibres of elastin and
collagen.
Give all components of lung volume. - ANSWERS-1) Tidal volume
2) Vital capacity
3) Reserve volumes
4) Residual volume
What are "megakaryocytes"? - ANSWERS-Platelets are fragments of
large cells called megakaryocytes found in red bone marrow.
Describe the symplast pathway.
Describe the apoplast pathway. - ANSWERS-Continuous cytoplasm
connected by plasmodesmata.
Movement along cellulose inside cell wall.
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