Test Bank for Introductory Chemistry: Concepts and Critical Thinking, 8th Edition by Corwin, 9780134421377, Covering Chapters 1-20 | Includes Rationales
Test Bank for Introductory Chemistry: Concepts and Critical Thinking, 8th Edition by Corwin, 9780134421377, Covering Chapters 1-20 | Includes Rationales
Test Bank for Introductory Chemistry: Concepts and Critical Thinking, 8th Edition by Corwin, 9780134421377, Covering Chapters 1-20 | Includes Rationales
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Chapter 1
Introduction to Chemistry
Key Terms
1. What is the term for the pseudoscience that attempted to discover a universal cure for
disease and a magic elixir for immortality?
(A) alchemy
(b) biochemistry
(c) inorganic chemistry
(d) organic chemistry
(e) none of the above
2. What is the term for the study of chemical substances derived from plants and animals?
(A) biochemistry
(b) green chemistry
(c) inorganic chemistry
(d) organic chemistry
(e) none of the above
3. What is the term for the study of the composition and properties of matter?
(a) alchemy
(b) biochemistry
(C) chemistry
(d) science
(e) none of the above
4. What is the term for the procedure of collecting data and recording observations under
controlled conditions?
(a) alchemy
(b) chemistry
(C) experiment
(d) science
(e) none of the above
5. What is the term for the design of products and processes that reduce or eliminate
hazardous chemical substances?
(a) biochemistry
(B) green chemistry
(c) inorganic chemistry
(d) organic chemistry
, (e) none of the above
6. What is the term for a tentative proposal of a scientific principle that attempts to explain
the meaning of a set of data collected in an experiment?
(a) estimation
(B) hypothesis
(c) natural law
(d) theory
(e) none of the above
7. What is the term for the study of chemical substances that do not contain the element
carbon?
(a) biochemistry
(b) green chemistry
(C) inorganic chemistry
(d) organic chemistry
(e) none of the above
8. What is the term for an extensively tested proposal of a scientific principle that states a
measurable relationship at different conditions?
(a) experiment
(b) hypothesis
(C) natural law
(d) theory
(e) none of the above
9. What is the term for the study of chemical substances that contain the element carbon?
(a) biochemistry
(b) green chemistry
(c) inorganic chemistry
(D) organic chemistry
(e) none of the above
10. What is the term for the methodical exploration of nature and the logical explanation of
the observations?
(a) alchemy
(b) chemistry
(c) experiment
(D) science
(e) none of the above
11. What is the term for an investigation that entails performing an experiment, proposing a
hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, and stating a theory or law?
(a) alchemy
(b) chemistry
, (c) science
(D) scientific method
(e) none of the above
12. What is the term for an extensively tested proposal of a scientific principle that explains
the behavior of nature?
(a) experiment
(b) hypothesis
(c) natural law
(D) scientific theory
(e) none of the above
Section 1.1 Evolution of Chemistry
1. What two forces were responsible for bringing the natural world into existence according to
the beliefs of the ancient Chinese?
(a) male and female
(b) positive and negative
(c) shiva and vishnu
(D) yin and yang
(e) none of the above
2. What four elements composed everything in nature according to the beliefs of the ancient
Greeks?
(A) air, earth, fire, and
water (b) air, earth, salt, and
water
(c) air, ashes, fire, and water
(d) smoke, earth, fire, and water (e) none of
the above
3. Which of the following was a basic element in nature according to Aristotle?
(a) ashes
(B) ether
(c) salt
(d) smoke
(e) none of the above
4. Who is generally considered the founder of the scientific method?
(a) Aristotle
(B) Robert Boyle
(c) John Dalton
(d) Antoine Lavoisier
(e) none of the above
, 5. What book led to the scientific method by arguing that theories are no better than the
experiments on which they are based?
(a) Elementary Treatise on Chemistry
(b) Methods of Chemical Research
(c) Scientific Investigations of Gases
(D) The Sceptical
Chymist (e) none of
the above
6. Which of the following is a basic step in the scientific method?
(a) perform an experiment and collect data
(b) analyze experimental data and propose a hypothesis
(c) test a hypothesis and state a theory or law
(D) all of the above
(e) none of the above
7. What is the difference between a hypothesis and a scientific theory?
(A) A hypothesis is a tentative proposal and a theory is a tested
proposal. (b) A theory is a tentative proposal and a hypothesis is a
tested proposal.
(c) A hypothesis requires an experiment and a theory
does not. (d) A theory requires an experiment and a
hypothesis does not. (e) none of the above
8. What is the difference between a scientific theory and a natural law?
(a) A theory is a tentative proposal and a law is a tested proposal. (b)
A law is a tentative proposal and a theory is a tested proposal.
(C) A theory explains behavior and a law states a measurable
relationship. (d) A law explains behavior and a theory states a
measurable relationship. (e) none of the above
9. What question can we ask in order to distinguish between a theory and a law?
(a) Does the statement concern atoms?
(b) Does the statement concern gases?
(c) Is the statement comprehensible?
(D) Is the statement
measurable? (e) none of the
above
10. Which of the following statements is a scientific theory?
(a) Atoms contain protons, neutrons, and electrons.
(b) Equal volumes of gases contain the same number of molecules.
(c) The energy of two gas molecules is the same before and after a collision.
(D) all of the above
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