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Functions:
o Produces, maintains, and transports sperm cells and protective
fluid.
o Discharges sperm within the female reproductive tract during
sexual intercourse.
o Produces and secretes male sex hormones responsible for
maintaining the male reproductive system.
Components:
o Testes: Egg-shaped organs where sperm cells are produced,
consisting of tightly coiled seminiferous tubules.
o Scrotum: Loose, pouch-like sac of skin that holds and protects
the testes, providing climate control.
o Epididymis: Site where sperm travel after production to mature.
o Vas deferens: Long tube connecting the epididymis to the
urethra, providing the path for sperm cells.
o Seminal vesicle: Produces a fluid rich in sugars that sperm use
for energy, composing most of the semen.
o Prostate: Secretes an alkaline fluid to neutralize acids in the
female reproductive system.
o Bulbourethral gland: Secretes mucus to lubricate and
neutralize acidic urine in the urethra.
o Urethra: Carries sperm and urine out of the body.
o Penis: Deposits sperm in the female reproductive system during sexual
activity.
Structural Features of the Penis:
1. The root is attached to the wall of the abdomen.
2. The body or shaft is shaped like a tube, made up of three internal chambers.
3. The glans is the cone-shaped end, covered with foreskin.
The Female Reproductive System:
Functions:
o Produces female sex cells (egg cells).
o Receives sperm cells from males.
o Produces hormones to nourish the egg cell.
o Nurtures the development of and provides nourishment for the new
individual.
Components:
, o Ovaries: Where egg cells develop and mature.
o Oviduct or Fallopian tube: Passageway for egg cells from the ovary to the
uterus, site of egg fertilization.
o Uterus: Hollow, muscular organ serving as the site of egg implantation and
fetal development.
o Cervix: Narrow portion at the bottom of the uterus providing an opening to
the vagina.
o Vagina: Muscular canal leading from the outside of the body, through which
sperm cells enter during mating.
Role of Hormones:
Puberty: Involves the onset of sexual maturity and the ability to reproduce,
assisted by hormones.
Hormones: Chemicals that regulate reproductive system activity.
Key Hormones:
o FSH and LH: Control spermatogenesis and egg cell development,
respectively.
o Testosterone: Essential for spermatogenesis and development of male
characteristics.
o Estrogen and Progesterone: Maintain female sex characteristics and
regulate the menstrual cycle.
Impact of Hormones: Determine reproductive health, including disorders
and abnormalities.
Disorders Related to Hormones:
2. Ovarian insufficiency (female hypogonadism)
3. Male hypogonadism
4. Polycystic ovary syndrome
Promoting Reproductive Health:
Reproduction is controlled by hormones but influenced by values, emotions,
expectations, and goals.
Endocrine System:
Definition: Group of glands releasing hormones to regulate body
organs.
Homeostasis: Maintaining internal equilibrium.
Feedback Mechanism:
o Positive feedback reinforces change.
o Negative feedback resists change to maintain homeostasis.
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