Exam Practice Questions with Answers for Pharmacology Essentials for Medication Safety. Graded A+
Thyroid Horomone Agonist Drug Side Effrcts - Answers Few side effects, usually only occurs when there
is an overdose-symptoms of hyperthyroudism
Thyroid Horomone Agonists - Answers Drugs that mimic the effect of thyroid horomones T3 and T4,
helping to regulate metabolism.
Signs And Symptoms of Hypothyroidism - Answers Slow heart rate, respitory rate, and speaks slowly.
Thickened, waxy-feeling skin, weight gain, thinks slowly, edema of the face, lethargic, thinks slowly.
Hypothyroidism in Children - Answers Excess facial and body hair, mental retardation, poor eater,
protruding tongue, short stature, sleeps excessively.
Goiter - Answers Distinct swelling in the neck. can be present with both underactive and over active
thyroid.
Myxedema - Answers Severe type of hypothyroidism, and requires immediate medical attention.
Metabolism - Answers All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism, or the energy use of
each cell and the amount of work performed in the body.
Thyroid Gland - Answers Endocrine gland located in the front of the neck just below the Adam's apple. It
produces 2 horomones: thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)
Aldosterone - Answers Mineral corticoid horomone secreted by the adrenal cortex that regulates
sodium and water balance.
Corticosteroids - Answers Drugs similar to natural cortisol.
Cortisol - Answers Horomone secreted by the adrenal cortex, that is essential for life.
Adverse Effects - Thyroid horomone agonists - Answers Increased activity of the cardiac and nervous
systems. Cardiac - can overwork the heart, and lead to angina pain, a heart attack, and heart failure.
Nervous - can lead to seizures. (can occur in patient taking high doses, more likely in some w/seizures).
Enhances the action of anticoagulants.
Signs and Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism - Answers Diarrhea, insomnia, heartbeat irregularities, tachy,
weight loss.
Side Effects - Thyroid Suppressing Drugs - Answers Rash, nausea, headache, muscle aches, loss of taste
sensation, swelling of feet and ankles, lymph node enlargement.
Adverse Effects - Thyroid-suppressing - Answers Bone marrow suppresion (decreases amt. of blood
cells)➡more prone to infrction, increased risk of anemia. Hepatotoxic, Kidney damage (less often),
enhance the action of anticoagulants.
, Common Thyroid-Suppressing Drugs - Answers Methimazole is 10x stronger than propylthiouracil.
Effects of Thyroid Suppressing drugs - Answers Usually not seen until 3 to 4 weeks after they have been
taken daily.
Preg&Lac - Thyroid suppressing drugs - Answers should not be given to women who are pregnant of
breastfeeding. High likelihood of birth defects and fetal damage.
Adrenal Glands - Answers Small triangular-shaped endocrine glands that sit on top of the kidneys. 2
Layers: 🔹Cortex-thick outer layer 🔹Medulla-Inner layer.
Cortex of the Adrenal Glands - Answers Secrets 2 steroid horomones, 🔹Cortisol(glucocorticoid)
🔹Aldosterone
Cortisol helps to regulate - Answers 🔹Body's response to stress 🔹Carb, protein, and fat
metabolism. 🔹Immune Function 🔹Emotional stability 🔹Sodium and water balance 🔹Normal
excitability of heart muscle cells.
Adrenal Gland Hypofunction - Answers Greatly reduced secretion of cortisol and aldosterone.
Hypoglycemia, salt craving, muscle weakness, hypotension, fatigue, low serum sodium levels, high
serum potassium levels.
Prednisone - Answers Correct cortisol deficiency or absence.
Fludrocortisone (Florinef) - Answers Restore sodium and potassium balance. This drug acts similar to
aldosterone, results in greater reabsirotion of sodium w/Increased excretion of potassium. Safety not
established in children.
Side Effects - Fludrocortisone - Answers Hypertension, Edema, Hypernatremia, Hypokalemia.
Adverse Effects - Fludrocortisone - Answers Congestive heart failure (CHF), -if CHF occurs drug is
reduced/stopped.
Teach - Fludrocortisone - Answers Take at same time daily w/food, weight yourself daily/keep record,
report weight gain of 2+ lbs/day or 3+ lbs/week.
Adrenal Gland Hyperfunction - Answers Cortisol excreted excessively - Hypercortisolism or Cushing's
disease. /or Aldosterone is excessively excreted - Hyperaldosteronism. (excretion of both is rare)
Common Adrenal Suppressing Drugs - Answers Mitotane and Mifepristone
Mifepristone (Korlym) - Answers Blocks corticosteroid receptors, which inhibits the action of cortisol.
Only approved for people w/ Type 2 diabetes, and hyperglycemia w/ Hypercortisolism.
Mitotane (Lysodren) - Answers Directly inhibits the adrenal gland production of cortisol.
