FPCC FINAL EXAM TEST BANK 400+
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) GRADED A+
Primary/therapeutic effects of meds - Answer-effects that are predicted, intended, &
desired.
Side effects - Answer-unintended, often predictable, physiologic effects of the med to
which patients usually adapt
Adverse reactions - Answer-harmful, unintended, usually unpredicted reactions to a
drug administered at the normal dosage
Toxic reactions - Answer-dangerous, damaging effects to an organ or tissue
Idiosyncratic - Answer-unexpected effect unique to the client
Synergistic - Answer-the effect of 2 drugs is greater than the individual effects; one
enhances the other
Therapeutic range - Answer-range of therapeutic concentrations
Therapeutic level - Answer-concentration of a drug in the blood serum that produces the
desired effect without toxicity
Techniques for maintaining med administration safety: BLSSTR - Answer-Before
administration, assess for:
B- bruising
L- lesions
S- skin integrity
S- scarring
T- tattoos
R- rotate site
-after administering: assess pt
-report problems immediately
-monitor therapeutic levels, pain rating
Types of med orders - Answer--Paper- order sheets
,-Computerized Physician Order Entry- most common. (CPOE)
-Telephone/verbal- must be repeated back & student nurses can't take.
-Standard medication- given until order is changed or discontinued. Usually on a
schedule.
-Scheduled- given at a specific time.
-Single- give it one time
-Now- as soon as you have it delivered to you, give to pt
-STAT- do not wait, stop what you are doing & give it to them right then. This becomes
your top priority.
-PRN- give as needed.
-Standing order- orders that are applied to any client in a particular situation
Med abbreviations - Answer-Daily- once a day.
BID- twice a day
TID- three times a day
QID- 4 times a day
Every 4 hours- usually midnight, 4, 8, noon
AC-before meals
HS- bed time
D/C discontinued
Nursing concerns for route of administration - Answer-IV- fast acting; establishes
constant blood levels; delivers large volumes; most dangerous
Inhalation- Quick & efficient local & systemic route through the lungs; May be given to
unconscious patients; Allows for continuous dosing, and dosage can be easily modified;
may irritate lung mucosa
Ear- make sure liquid is body temp or slightly warmer
Vaginal/rectal- keep pt from ambulating until med is absorbed
Oral/enteral- tablets, capsules, liquid. Easy & convenient. Make sure pt can swallow
without choking. *When giving oral meds, make sure HOB is at 90 degrees*
Sublingual- under tongue. cant eat or drink until med has dissolved. can be absorbed
quickly
buccal- can be given if client is NPO
topical- ALWAYS WEAR GLOVES. never apply with a bare hand. never cut patch;
rotate sites
parenteral:
,intradermal- TB test, allergy. 15 degrees
subcutaneous- 45-90 degree angle
intramuscular- 90 degrees into muscle
Nursing documentation for med administration - Answer-document date, time, route,
medication given, amount of medication given, site, & your signature.
Nursing response to med error - Answer-fill out an incident report
Assessment of mobility - Answer--Body alignment & posture- assess the pt to see if
they are symmetric bilaterally
-if everything is aligned, assess center of gravity
center of gravity: below the umbilicus at the top of the pelvis. fastest to fall/hit the
ground
-want wide base support & balance so when you start to lean it will keep you from falling
-want center of gravity to be as low to ground as possible
-proprioception- sense of self in space. if this is lost, you lose coordination & become a
high fall risk
effects of immobility on muscles & bones - Answer-musculoskeletal is one of the first
systems affected by immobility.
confinement to bed leads to 7-10% of atrophy per weak.
immobility affects parathyroid function, calcium metabolism, & therfore bone formation
these changes place the pt at risk for pathological fractures
Effects of immobility on the lungs - Answer-immobility decreases the strength of all
muscles, including those involved in chest wall expansion, which also affects ventilation.
when a patient is in bed, respirations decrease & secretions pool in airways. often lead
to atelectasis (collapse of lung tissue) & pneumonia.
NI- help pt turn, cough, & deep breath.
-incentive spirometer
-hydration
Immobility on the heart & vessels - Answer-immobility increases the workload of the
heart and promotes venous stasis. when you are active, the skeletal muscles of the legs
help pump blood back to the heart
to compensate for immobility, cardiac reserves are lessened, which means the heart is
less able to respond to demands above baseline.
without muscle activity, force of gravity causes blood to pool which leads to edema.
, also leads to injury of the small vessels in legs
NI- get pt moving as much as possible. perform foot exercises, ankle circles to keep
blood from pooling
An immobile person is more prone to what type of blood pressure? - Answer-Orthostatic
hypotension. prolonged bedrest inactivates the baroreceptors involved with constriction
& dilation of the blood vessels.
When a person who has been immobilized changes position, he is less able to maintain
blood pressure.
pt complains of feeling dizzy & light headed and may be unable to support his own
weight
NI- reverse trendelenburg. have pt dangle before getting up
effects of immobility on metabolism - Answer-increases level of serum lactic acid and
decreases ATP. As ATP decreases, so does the bodys energy reserves
in response, metabolic rate drops, protein & glycogen decrease, & fat stores increase.
These cause glucose intolerance & reduced muscle mass.
Immobility triggers the same hormones that the stress response does & therefore is a
stressor itself.
Immobility on integument - Answer-external pressure from lying in one position
compresses capillaries in the skin, obstructing circulation.
lack of circulation causes ischemia & possible necrosis.
nursing interventions include frequent turning & skin care to prevent wounds
Immobility on the GI system - Answer-slows peristalsis which leads to constipation, gas,
and difficulty evacuating stool from the rectum
paralytic ileus may occur (cessation of peristalsis)
net effect is usually decreased calorie intake & inability to meet protein needs. Body
muscle is broken down as a fuel source
Immobility on GU system - Answer-being supine inhibits drainage of urine from the renal
pelves & bladder. urine becomes stagnant which creates an ideal environment for
infection & stone formation. (cloudy dark urine pools in bladder)
