MED-SURG EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (DETAILED AND CERTIFIED SOLUTIONS) ALREADY GRADED A+
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Course
MED-SURG
Institution
MED-SURG
MED-SURG EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
(DETAILED AND CERTIFIED
SOLUTIONS)
ALREADY GRADED A+
How is osteroporosis formed? - ANSWER when osteoclastic activity is greater
that osteoblastic activity bones become porous and brittle
What will weaken the bone and typically requires w...
MED-SURG EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
(DETAILED AND CERTIFIED
SOLUTIONS)
ALREADY GRADED A+
How is osteroporosis formed? - ANSWER ✔ when osteoclastic activity is greater
that osteoblastic activity bones become porous and brittle
What will weaken the bone and typically requires weight-bearing restrictions? -
ANSWER ✔ osteomyelitis
What are S/S of osteomyelitis? - ANSWER ✔ - pain
- swelling
- warmth
- elevated ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate)
- leukocytosis
What are two things that osteoporosis can lead to? - ANSWER ✔ - painful
vertebral compression fractures
- reduction in height
Ch 41: What group of people are at the greatest risk for osteoporosis? - ANSWER
✔ - thin women
- Asian women
- Causasian women
When pain stimulates the sympathetic nervous system it can result in? - ANSWER
✔ - increase in BP
- Increase in HR
- increase in RR
What does a comprehensive pain assessment include? - ANSWER ✔ - duration
(includes when it started)
,- type (include intensity, associated factors, in fluencing factors, what makes it
better or worse)
- location
What do you manage nociceptive (type of receptor that exists to feel all and any
pain that's likely to be caused by the body being harmed) pain with? - ANSWER
✔ - local anesthetics
- non-opioids
- opioids
What proper body mechanic instructions would you give to a pt to help relieve
pain? - ANSWER ✔ - weight reduction
- strengthening exercises
- lift objects using a wide base of support, use the leg and arm muscles, not the
back, bend knees, avoid twisting the back, keep objects close to the body
- push don't pull objects/things
Conditions that increase parathyroid hormone secretions could contribute to what
two things in a pt? - ANSWER ✔ - bone demineralization
- pathological fractures
What can also weaken bone and contribute to pathological fractures in a pt? -
ANSWER ✔ bone tumors
What is a medical emergency and must be identified immediately for pt with a
cast? - ANSWER ✔ compartment syndrome (pressure within the muscle
compartment or cast increases as perfusion to the area decreases which could lead
to necrosis and irreversible neuromusclar damage)
What is compartment syndrome marked by? - ANSWER ✔ severe unrelieved
pain that worsens with movement
What is used to control edema following an arthoscopy? - ANSWER ✔ -
compression
- elevation
- joint extension
What are two complicants following an arthoscopy? - ANSWER ✔ - infection
,- bleeding
What is lab value elevated in liver disease or bone disorders? - ANSWER ✔
alkaline phosphate
What is nephrotoxic and contraindicated in a pt who has an allergy to iodine,
shellfish, or seafood, who may be pregnant, or has elevated creatinine levels? -
ANSWER ✔ contrast medium
What is important to intruct on during a bone scan using an isotope? - ANSWER
✔ hydration is used to eliminate the isotope
What diagnostic test is used to help distinguish muscle from nerve disorders by
directly stimulating muscle cells? - ANSWER ✔ electromyography
What two interventions do you do for the diagnostic test electromyography? -
ANSWER ✔ - check for use of anticoagulants prior to it (bleeding in the muscle
could occur)
- apply warm compress to relieve discomfort following the test
What two complications do diagnostic procedures that disrupt skin surfaces cause?
- ANSWER ✔ increased risk of:
- infection
- bleeding
What decreases serum calcium levels? - ANSWER ✔ calcitonin
What increases serum calcium levels? - ANSWER ✔ parathyroid hormone
When phophorus levels rise the calcium levels do what? - ANSWER ✔ - decrease
- pt can present with S/S of hypocalcemia
What holds articulating bones together and an injury can impair movement? -
ANSWER ✔ ligaments
What connects muscle to bone and an injury can impair movement? - ANSWER
✔ tendons
, What can helo support bone formation? - ANSWER ✔ - weight bearing exercises
- sex hormones
- calcitonin
- calcium intake
Adults over 50 require how much Vit D daily to help prevent osteoporosis? -
ANSWER ✔ 800 - 1000 IU
What is important to instruct pts on consuming in regards to helping to prevent
osteoporosis? - ANSWER ✔ - 1,200 mg of calcium daily
- 600 IU Vit D daily (with intake of low-fat milk, yogart, and cheese)
What can increase bone resorption and could lead to osteoporosis? - ANSWER ✔
- excessive cortisol production
- excessive thyroid hormone production
Ch 39: What stimulates osteoblastic (bone formation) activity and inhibits
osteoclastic (bone resorption) activity? - ANSWER ✔ estrogen
Compromised estrogen levels in menopause can increase the risk of? - ANSWER
✔ osteoporosis
What two things can result in a loss in height? - ANSWER ✔ - vertebral fractures
- loss vertebral cratilage
Because external fixators increase the risk for osteomyelitis you should do what
for the pt? - ANSWER ✔ perform pin site care using the aseptic technique (use
chlorhexidine 2 mg/mL solution unless contraindicated)
How do you properly clean/perfom pin care for a pt? - ANSWER ✔ clean with a
circular motion from the inner to the outer region and cleaning each site separately
What is used to help reduce complication related to pain? - ANSWER ✔ PCA (pt
controlled analgesia)
What can occur following some fractures due to the loss of blood to the bone so pts
must be closely monitored for increased pain and a decrease in mobility? -
ANSWER ✔ avascular necrosis
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