NURS 617 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES |
ALREADY GRADED A+ | LATEST VERSION |
VERIFIED ANSWERS
What is most likely the shape of the face of a child diagnosed with Russell-
Silver syndrome?
a. Square
b. Round
c. Triangular
d. Elongated ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------c. Triangular
Rationale: Growth retardation, proportionate short stature, leg-length
discrepancy, and a small, triangular-shaped face characterizes
Russell-Silver syndrome.
What are genes responsible for the maintenance of all cells referred to as?
a. Executive
b. Managerial
c. Housekeeping
d. Universal ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------c. Housekeeping
Rationale: A small percentage of genes, termed housekeeping genes
are necessary for the function and maintenance of all cells. The
remaining options do not accurately refer to these cells.
When microRNA (miRNA) are methylated their messenger RNA (mRNA)
targets are over-expressed, the resulting effect on existing cancer would
be:
a. Cell death
,b. Metastasis
c. Remission
d. Relapse ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------b. Metastasis
A monocyte is a circulating white blood cell that transforms into which of
the following cells once it enters the tissue during an inflammatory
response?
a. Neutrophil
b. Macrophage
c. Mast cell
d. Fibroblast ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------b. Macrophage
Rationale: Monocytes must mature into macrophages once they enter
the tissues to become active phagocytes.
An elevation of which cell accounts for a "left shift" in the white blood cell
count differential?
a. Lymphocytes
b. Bands and PMNs
c. Monocytes
d. Basophils ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------b. Bands and PMNs
Rationale: In the typical presentation of the white blood cell
differential, bands (immature neutrophils) and PMNs
(polymorphonucleocytes) are placed to the left. During an acute
inflammatory response, the rise in these immature and mature
neutrophils creates what is known in the clinical environment as a
"left shift."
Prostaglandins differ from histamine in which of the following ways?
a. All of the above
,b. Site of production
c. Duration of effect
d. Vascular effect ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------c. Duration of effect
Rationale: Histamines are released immediately during degranulation
and have short-acting effects. Prostaglandins are later synthesized
and are responsible for maintaining a long-term inflammatory
response.
The first vascular response in inflammation is:
a. Brief vasoconstriction.
b. Brief vasodilation
c. Decreased vascular permeability
d. Increased vascular permeability. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------a.
Brief vasoconstriction.
Rationale: The first response during inflammation is vasoconstriction,
which limits bleeding at the site of tissue injury.
Which of the following inflammatory chemicals is blocked by non-steroidal
anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen?
a. Leukotrienes
b. Histamine
c. All of the above
d. Prostaglandins ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------d. Prostaglandins
Rationale: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs block prostaglandins
by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase (COX) 1 and 2 pathway.
The most common cause of hypoxic injury is:
a. chemical toxicity.
, b. free radicals.
c. malnutrition.
d. ischemia. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------d. ischemia.
Rationale: Hypoxic injury results from a lack of oxygen. The most
common cause of this type of cell injury is ischemia, a decrease in
blood flow to the tissue.
The process of muscle hypertrophy involves an increase in:
a. cell division.
b. plasma membrane thickness.
c. protein synthesis.
d. water accumulation. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------c. protein
synthesis.
Rationale: The process of muscle hypertrophy involves an increase in
protein synthesis to produce larger, stronger muscle cells.
Tissue ischemia and a decrease in mitochondrial oxygenation result in:
a. cellular dehydration.
b. calcium accumulation outside the cell.
c. decreased ATP production.
d. increased protein synthesis. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------c.
decreased ATP production.
Rationale: A decrease in oxygen delivery results in a decrease in ATP
production.
Vitamin E, vitamin C, and beta-carotene are molecules in food that act as:
a. receptor blockers.
b. antioxidants.
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