Master Chemistry with Premium Notes, Assignments, and Lab Reports – Now Available on Stuvia!
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Course
200.BA
Institution
Collège Ahuntsic (
)
Master Chemistry with Premium Notes, Assignments, and Lab Reports – Now Available on Stuvia!
Are you finding Chemistry to be a challenge? Struggling to keep up with complex reactions, formulas, and lab experiments? You’re not alone, and that’s why I’ve created a collection of top-quality...
, Chapter 10
Liquids and solids
The three physical states of matter
Macroscopic level Microscopic level
Why do molecules stick together to form phases????
, Chapter 10
Liquids and solids
The case of water – Changing phases
Macroscopic level Microscopic level
How to melt ice or boil water?
• You ___________. 1 2
• You give it ________.
To go from solid to liquid or from liquid
to gas, you need to increase the 1. As energy is added, the motions of the m
________ of your sample (system). increase, and they eventually achieve the
movement and disorder characteristic of
2. As more energy is added, the gaseous sta
How does it work? eventually reached, with the individual m
If molecules stick together inside solids far apart and interacting relatively little.
or liquids, it is because there are
_____________ or __________ which Important note:
tend to ______ them ___________. Water is not destroyed during the phase cha
Energy allows us to ____________ them. No ___________ ___________ is happening
, Chapter 10
Liquids and solids
Flashback: What brings atoms together?
• Ions: Coulomb interaction is a force which leads opposite sign electrically charged particle
________ each other and same sign electrically charged particles to ______ each other.
It requires ______ to separate two attracting particles or to bring together repulsing ones.
• Covalent molecules: atomic orbitals combine to form __________ orbitals. The overall ene
the electrons is _______ in these MOs than in the separate atoms which is why _________
form.
In other words, it is as if a force ______ the atoms _________.
INTRAMOLECULAR FORCES: forces exerted between the atoms within a molecule.
To break apart a molecule, we need to counteract the action of
these forces by providing the molecule enough energy.
E(C–H) = 413 kJ.mol-1, E(C–Cl) = 339 kJ.mol-1
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