4 point model - ANSWER-- cognitions
- emotions
- behavioral
- physiolgoical
cognitions - ANSWER-people feel bad because they think bad
,emotions - ANSWER-people come to therapy because they feel bad
behavioral - ANSWER-people engage in activities bc it helps emotions/ but
behavior can effect emotions
physiological - ANSWER-can be affected by behavior
shuttle box - ANSWER--person gets shocked and jumps to other side and keeps
jumping with each shock
-pretty soon they will jump without the shock just by light coming on
-keep jumping to escape anxiety/ discomfort (negative reinforcement)
- will continue forever
also example of classical conditioning
fear - ANSWER-- rational apprehension
- immediate, alarmed reaction to danger
- present oriented (something to fear & fear matches danger)
anxiety - ANSWER-a negative mood state characterized by bodily symptoms,
physical tension, & worry of apprehension about the future.
- future oriented
phobia - ANSWER-- marked fear/anxiety about a specific object or situation
- irrational in that it does not match the objective danger of a situation
- doesn't go away on its own
- some genetic component (DNA/learning)
types of phobias (4+others) - ANSWER--animal- insects, animals
- natural/environment- heights, storms, water (tend to cluster together)
- blood/injection/injury- have a dif physic (low BP & HR; pass out)
- situational- bridges, elevators, planes (locational)
- other types- loud sounds, pill swallowing, costumes
what % of people have diagnosable phobia? - ANSWER-~12.5%
, who are more likely to have a phobia? (MorW) - ANSWER-women
development of phobias (4) - ANSWER-- direct
- indirect
- Seligman's preparedness theory of phobias
- Barlows triple vulnerability theory of anxiety
direct experience of development - ANSWER-- 50%
- conditioned response -> avoidance (negative reinforcement)
ex) near drowning experience -> fear of water
indirect experience of development - ANSWER-- associated with someone else's
experience
- modeling (transmission by observation)
-- ex) kid can learn based on watching moms response
- being "warned" about a danger (transition through life)
-- ex) mom says avoid strangers-> kid develops fear of strangers
Seligman's preparedness theory of phobias - ANSWER-- people evolutionarily
hardrived to fear things
- ex) sharks, snakes
- not tested
Barlows Triple Vulnerability theory of anxiety - ANSWER-1. Biological
Vulnerability
- inherited contribution to neg. affect or anxious respondent
- biological response/ temperament
- inherit anxiety
2. Generalized Psychological Vulnerability
- seeing world as uncontrollable/dangerous
3. Specific Psychological Vulnerability
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