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GU and Reproductive quick hits and buzzwords
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GU and Reproductive quick hits and buzzwords GU and Reproductive quick hits and buzzwords GU and Reproductive quick hits and buzzwords
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GU and Reproductive quick hits andbuzzwords
bag of worms - varicocele
dilation of pampiniform plexus of spermatic veins - varicocele
MC surgically corrected cause of male infertility - varicocele
MCC of painless scrotal swelling - hydrocele
what pathology transilluminates on exam - hydrocele, spermatocele/epididymal cyst
what is spermatocele - epididymal cyst that is larger than 2 cm
freely movable mass above the testicle that transilluminates - spermatocele/epididymal cyst
MCC epididymitis males 14-35 - chlamydia trachomatis
MCC epididymitis males > 35 - E. coli
prehn sign - relief of pain w/ scrotal elevation
positive prehn sign, postive remasteric reflex is indicative of - epididymitis
tx of epididymitis if <35 or STI likely w/out insertive anal intercourse - Doxycyline (or Azithromycin) +
Ceftriaxone
tx of epididymitis if insertive anal intercourse - Ceftriaxone + Fluoroquinolone
tx of epididymitis if > 35 or low risk of STI - Fluoroquinolones or Bactrim
,tx of epididymitis in children - cephalexin or amoxicillin
MCC of orchitis - mumps virus (paramyxovirus)
most important causative RF in testicular cancer - cryptorchidism
MC type of testicular cancer - germinal cell tumors
what type of testicular cancer is simple (lacks tumor marker alpha fetoprotein), sensitive to
radiation, slower growing , and has a stepwise spread - seminomas
firm, hard, fixed mass that does not transilluminate - testicular cancer
hyopechoic mass on scrotal U/S - seminoma
cystic or nonhomogenous mass on scrotal U/S - nonseminoma
which serum tumor markers are elevated in nonseminomas - alpha-fetoprotein, beta-hcg
general tx for testicular cancer - radical orchiectomy
initial test if inability to conceive child after 1 yr of sexual intercourse w/out contraceptive use -
semen analysis X 2
MCC nongonococcal urethritis - chlamydia trachomatis
abrupt onset of sx, opaque, yellow, white, or clear thick penile discharge is indicative of - gonoccocal
urethritis
MC sx of urethritis - dysuria
gonococcal gram stain - gram negative intracellular diplococci
, tx of nongonococcal urethritis - doxycyline
tx of gonococcal urethritis - ceftriaxone
chronic obstructive void sx, recurrent UTIs, urinary spraying, dysuria, decreased force of ejaculate is
indicative of - urethral stricture
MCC of urethral injuries - blunt trauma
straddle type falls or direct blows cause what type of urethral injury - anterior
pelvic fracture or MVA can cause what type of urethral injury - posterior
urethral injury triad - blood at urethral meatus, inability to void, distended bladder
urethral injury gold standard diagnostic test - retrograde urethrogram
acquired localized fibrotic changes of the tunica albuginea that lead to abnormal penile curvature -
peyronie disease
peyronie disease tx if < 30 degrees curvature - observation, refer
peyronie disease tx if > 30 degrees and < 3 mos - oral Pentoxifylline
peyronie disease tx if > 30 degrees and > 3 mos - intralesional injection w/ Collagenase Clostridium
histolyticum
MC type of priapism - ischemic (low flow)
painful and rigid prolonged erection w/out sexual stimulation is indicative of - ischemic (low flow)
priapism
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