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Physiology Lab Questions
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Physiology Lab QuestionsWhat two exercise variables predict which energy system predominates? - Time and Intensity
What is the end goal of all energy systems? - Make ATP
When someone diets and exercises to lose body fat, where does it go & how does it leave the body?
- It dissipates from the body as heat or CO2
Which energy system predominates the first 100m of a 400m race? - ATP/PCr system (anaerobic)
Which energy system predominates a marathon run? - Aerobic glycolysis
Which energy system predominates a 1 hour long body building workout? - Aerobic Glycolysis
What substrates are used for immediate energy use? - ATP/PCr
where is ATP/PCr stored? - Stored in the muscle
During anaerobic exercise, what intermediate substrate is produced for a 90 second sprint? - Lactate
Where is Lactate recycled to be usable energy again? - In the Liver where it undergoes the Cori cycle
and becomes a glucose
Which energy system is the fastest? - ATP-PCr
Which energy system yields the most ATP? - Fat oxidation which yields 460 ATP (441 from free fatty
acids, 19 from glycerol backbone)
What happens to the glycerol backbone in a triacylglycerol after free fatty acids are metabolized? -
Glycerol back bone undergoes glycosylases to become pyruvate which then undergoes the Kreb
cycle and yields 19 ATP
, What does Carb convert to to enter the Krebs cycle? - Carbs become pyruvate (or lactate if no O2
present)
What does Fat convert to to enter the Krebs cycle? - Fat becomes Acetyl-CoA
What does glucogenic protein convert to to enter the Krebs cycle? - Glucogenic protein becomes
Pyruvate
What does ketogenic protein convert to to enter the Krebs cycle? - Ketogenic protein becomes
Acetyl-CoA
What are some characteristics of the myocardium that differ from skeletal muscle? - - Intercalated
discs are present
- Are under involuntary control
If your resting heart rate goes from 70 to 50 after significant gains in aerobic fitness, what happens
to stroke volume? - Stroke volume increases
What enzyme controls the rate of anaerobic glycolysis? - Phosphofructokinase (PFK) is the rate
limiting enzyme
Describe the relationship between lactate threshold, VO2 max, and ventilatory threshold. - - VO2
max is the peak of aerobic capacity. Continuing to increase intensity past this the anaerobic energy
system has tostart predominantly working producing lactate since O2 is not being used
- Lactate threshold is reached when there is too much lactate produced and not enough being
recycled to glucose, causing the muscles to fatigue and performance to drop due to the build up of
lactate
- Ventilatory threshold is when inspiration of O2 is not proportional to the usage of O2, so you are
breathing heavier without gaining anything
Describe the Frank-Starling Law - The greater the stretch, the stronger is the heart's contraction. This
increased contractility results in an increased volume of blood ejected (Increased SV)
What are the 5 physiological adaptations to conditioning training? - - Increased VO2 max
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