ATI Med Surg 1 Exam 1

FVD: What lab values for serum osmolality would you expect? - 295 FVD: What are some causes, pathologic, iatrogenic, and IADLs, of FVD? - Iatrtogenic: NGT usage Pathological: Neurovirus, Diabetic Ketoacidosis, Anorexia IADL'S: Over Exercising FVD: What population(s) is/are most at risk for FVD? - Children & Elderly FVD: What tonicity and type of prescribed fluids helps to prevent FVD in the hospitalized pt with an NGT? - Isotonic FVD: When administering hypertonic (3%) saline IV, what body system is the priority for the focused assessment? - Neurological & Pulmonary FVD: What lab value is the priority for the nurse to monitor? - Sodium FVE: What assessment findings should alert the nurse to this condition? - Tachycardia Orthopnea low O2 sat Pulmonary edema Laboured Breathing Crackles High RR High BP Edema tachypnea FVE: When administering IV fluids, what problems would be most likely to put the patient at risk for FVE? - someone turns up rate on iv speed shock someone shoots in medication too fast angiocather against valve infiltration bc of old vein leading to induration phlebitisirritation so platelets come to help (thrombophlebitis-clot that takes shape of its container ) FVE: In what 2 ways is Dextran volume expander preferable to transfusing whole blood or packed cells? - No risk for HIV & transfusion reaction Sodium (NA): What are some economic, nutritious low sodium menu items? - Vegetables Turkey Chicken fruit Sodium (NA): What category of medication puts the patient at risk for sodium imbalance? Why? - Thiozides- diuretic so lose fluid and increase sodium Mineral Steroids-control sodium Sodium (NA): What are assessment findings for hypernatremia? - Thirst urinate alot Fever Hyperaldosteronism seizure risk headache Sodium (NA): What are assessment findings for hyponatremia? - Abdominal Cramping Muscle Spasms Stupor(altered level of con) Tachycardia edema Nausea confusion orthostatic hypertension seizure risk Sodium (NA): What is the proper procedure for measuring daily weights? - Same time (morning) Same scale Same clothes Same nurse Sodium (NA): If the patient's sodium level is normal, what other lab value is likely to be normal? Why? - Chloride & Serum Osmolarity Sodium (NA): What menu items should the nurse recommend for the patient with hyponatremia? - Ham, processed food bologna Canned Vegetables Sodium (NA): What is the priority nursing action for the patient with dilutional hyponatremia (with hypervolemia)? - Restrict Fluids Potassium (K): What common diuretic decreases the client's potassium level? - Feurosemide Potassium (K): What nursing actions should the nurse prioritize for the hypokalemic patient? - Bowel Sounds Potassium (K): What nursing action should the nurse follow when administering PO potassium supplements? - with food i.e pudding or applesauce Potassium (K): How is potassium excreted from the body? - Kidney Potassium (K): Dysfunction of what body system predisposes the patient to hyperkalemia? - Renal Failure Potassium (K): What nursing actions should be followed when providing nursing care for the client with renal disease? - No Salt substitues MonitiorECG Calcium Gluconate(reverses hyperkalemia) Sodium Styrene Sulfonate (enema that pulls potassium) K escelate Calcium (Ca): What are the functions of calcium in the body? - Activator for chemical enzymes Helps muscles & blood vessles contact & expand Calcium (Ca): What lab value is the better indicator for calcium balance? - Ionized Calcium Level Calcium (Ca): Hyperparathyroidism can be caused by what 2 conditions? - Increased Calcium Increased parathyroid hormone Calcium (Ca): What are assessment findings for hypercalcemia? - muscle weakness, headache , fatgiue, irregular hr, Calcium (Ca): What are assessment findings for hypocalcemia? - Trusors sign chivethks sign facial muscles muscle weakness Calcium (Ca): What nursing diagnoses apply to the safety of the client with hypocalcemia? - risk for injury & risk for falls Calcium (Ca): What nursing measures are indicated for the client with hypercalcemia? - Increase fluid intake (4500mLs daily) & discontinue diuretic, montior vitals for Calcium (Ca): What is a side effect of the hypercalcemic patient taking digoxin? - irregular hr, toxicity Calcium (Ca): What category of diuretic inhibits calcium excretion? - thiazide Magnesium (Mg): What is a main function of magnesium in the body? - Binds calcium to teeth enamels, energy production Magnesium (Mg): What are common causes of hypermagnesemia? - laxative abuse renal failure lithium toxicity decrease dtr