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HPRS 2301 Chapter 5 Exam Study Guide
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HPRS 2301 Chapter 5 ExamStudy Guide
Innate immunity - Answer Quick response to predetermined array of chemical signals
Pathogens are - Answer Disease causing microorganisms
Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs) are - Answer Microbial products that
stimulate innate immunity
Damage Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) are - Answer Molecules that can
initiate and perpetuate immune response in the non infectious inflammatory response
Receptor molecules (pattern/pathogen recognition receptors [PRRs]) are - Answer
Receptors on cells recognizing molecular markers of disease causing microorganism
adaptive immunity - Answer Immune response that can change based on intruding
molecules
Immune memory - Answer Enhancement of immune response upon secondary
encounter with antigen in adaptive immunity
Variable region - Answer Region on the immunoglobulin molecule specific for a
particular pathogen. Amino-terminal end of of the immunoglobulin chain; part that
recognizes antigen
Immunologist - Answer Is a person who studies the immune response
Immunopathologist - Answer Physician who studies the immune response associated
with disease or who uses immunological based testing tools
Parasites - Answer Are organisms that live in or on another organism deriving nutrients
at the hosts expense
Acute inflammation - Answer Earliest phase of the inflammatory response. Occurs
immediately after injury and lasts from 24-48 hours. Has vascular and cellular
components
Cellular component - Answer Circulating blood cell part of acute inflammation. Relies on
cells that circulate in the blood. Most important are neutrophils
Neutrophils (polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) - Answer Are actively phagocytic
Phagocytic - Answer Cells engulf injurious agents into the cell
, Platelets are - Answer Blood cells that adhere to collagen and mediate blood
coagulation (hemorrhaging)
Mast cell is - Answer A specialized connective tissue cell containing granules filled with
histamine and other chemical mediators. found often in association with blood vessels
and are important in the very early vascular phases of acute inflammation
Chronic inflammation - Answer Cellular reaction leading to repair. After acute
inflammation CI commences and continues to a varying degree until healing is
complete. Can go on for weeks or months
Monocytes(macrophage-like cells) - Answer Are types of white blood cells important in
the immune response. Involved with chronic inflammation and chemical mediators of
inflammation to clean up debris left behind by acute inflammation
Chemical mediators of inflammation - Answer Are messenger molecules that act on
blood vessels, inflammatory cells or other cells to contribute to an inflammatory
response
Lymphocytes - Answer Are cells important in adaptive immunity. Important role in
chronic inflammation.
Cardinal signs of inflammation - Answer Heat, swelling, redness, and pain observed at
the site of injury. Characteristic effects of earliest part of acute inflammation (vascular
phase). First described by romans and Egyptians.
Hyperemia - Answer Increased blood flow through vessels
Extravasation - Answer Is leakage of plasma from dilated vessels
Activated neutrophils - Answer Neutrophil stimulated by various substances resulting in
degranulation
Emigration - Answer Cells move through walls of blood vessels
Chemotaxis - Answer Is a process of active movement of inflammatory cells to the site of
the injury
Exudate - Answer The fluid, leukocytes, and debris that accumulate as a result of
inflammation
Serous - Answer Fluid rich exudate
Purulent - Answer Neutrophil rich exudate also called pus
Fibrinous - Answer Fibrin rich exudate
Hemmorhagic - Answer Red cell rich inflammatory fluid
Adhesions - Answer Bands of fibrous tissue that form subsequent to an inflammation
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