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Fundamentals ATI exam review 2024
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Fundamentals ATI exam review 2024A nurse in a long term care facility is caring for an older adult client and notes
their muscles have become smaller and weaker. Which of the following should the
nurse suspect the client is experiencing?
- Sarcopenia
- Disuse osteoporosis
- Atrophy
- Joint contracture
Atrophy
The nurse should suspect the client is experiencing atrophy of their muscles.
Atrophy occurs when the muscles of the body become smaller and weaker. This
can occur with prolonged immobility or disuse of a limb.
A nurse is caring for a client who requires assistance with ADLs. Which of the
following referrals should the nurse recommend for this client?
- Speech therapy
- Physical therapist
- Respiratory therapist
- Occupational therapist
Occupational therapist
The nurse should recommend a referral for an occupational therapist to assist
the client with ADLs. An occupational therapist assists clients who have
impaired function to perform ADLs, such as bathing and brushing their teeth.
A nurse is caring for a client who is at risk for developing atelectasis. Which of the
following actions should the nurse take?
- Reposition the client every 2 hr while in bed
,- Remind the client to use the incentive spirometer
- Obtain the clients weight daily
- Encourage the client to eat food that are high in fiber
Remind the client to use the incentive spirometer
The nurse should remind the client who is at risk for developing atelectasis to
use the incentive spirometer. Using the incentive spirometer prevents atelectasis
from occurring because the client takes slow, deep breaths to promote lung
expansion.
A nurse is panning care for a client who is postoperative. In which of the following
positions should the nurse place the client to prevent atelectasis?
- Fowlers
- Lateral
- Prone
- Supine
Fowlers
The nurse should place the client in Fowler's position to promote lung expansion
and prevent atelectasis, which is the partial or complete collapse of a lung. In
this position, the client is seated in a semi-sitting position and can have their
knees bent or straight.
A nurse is teaching a newly hired assistive personnel (AP) about working with
clients who require assistance with ADLs. Which of the following activities should
the nurse include as an ADL?
- Toileting
- Writing
- Ambulating
- Talking
Toileting
The nurse should include that toileting is an ADL that the AP can assist the client
to perform. Other ADLs include dressing, bathing, and feeding.
,A nurse is discussing proper body mechanics with a group of assistance personnel.
Which of the following information should the nurse include? (SATA)
- A stable center of gravity increases stability and balance
- A wide base lowers the center of gravity
- Proper body alignment involves tightening the abdomen
- Leaving slightly back while carrying an object equalizes the center of gravity
- Bending at the waist when picking up objects stabilizes the spine
A stable center of gravity increases stability and balance
A wide base lowers the center of gravity
Proper body alignment involves tightening the abdomen
A nurse is assessing a clients mobility and notes one of the clients feet drags
behind them when ambulating. Which of the following conditions should the
nurse suspect the client is experiencing?
- Atrophy
- Foot drop
- Joint contracture
- Disuse osteoporosis
Foot drop
The nurse should suspect the client is experiencing foot drop. Foot drop occurs
when the joint of the foot becomes contracted and results in the inability to
perform dorsiflexion, or pulling the toes upward. This is due to nerve damage
that causes shortening of the muscle. The foot is left with the toes pointing
downward and in a dropped position.
A nurse is caring for a client who requires total assistance with mobility. When
using the Mobility Assessment Tool (MAT), which of the following pieces of
equipment should the nurse use to transfer client?
- Gait belt
- Mechanical lift
, - Cane
- Sit to stand lift
Mechanical lift
The nurse should identify that, according to the MAT, a client who requires total
assistance requires the use of a mechanical lift or slide board, along with
assistance from one to two personnel, to transfer the client.
A nurse is preparing a presentation for a group of clients who are scheduled for
joint replacement surgery. Which of the following information should the nurse
plan to include regarding flexion of a joint?
- Synovial joints contain sensory receptors that trigger flexion
- The contraction of a muscle results in flexion of a joint
- Neurotransmitters coordinate with cartilage to initiate flexion
- Ligaments extend to enable flexion of a joint
The contraction of a muscle results in flexion of a joint
When muscles contract, they shorten and pull against the bone they are
attached to. This results in flexion at the joint.
A nurse is teaching a client who has an unsteady gait about how to use a walker.
Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- ''The top of the walker should be at the level of your wrist.''
- ''When using the stairs, place the walker before taking a step.''
- ''When holding the walker, bend your elbows 30 degrees.''
- ''Take a step first before moving the walker.''
''The top of the walker should be at the level of your wrist.''
The nurse should instruct the client to ensure that the top of the walker is at the
level of their wrist. This indicates the walker is measured at the appropriate
height and prevents strain on the client's back.
A nurse is completing the mobility Assessment Tool (MAT) for a client and
determines that the client is at Level 1 mobility. The nurse should identify that the
client is unable to perform which of the following tasks?
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