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CSNN-Classes 1 & 2 Macronutrients Exam Latest Update
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CSNN-Classes 1 & 2Macronutrients Exam
Latest Update
Where does Carbohydrate (CHO) originate from? - Answer CHO is a product of plant
photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis - occurs in plants. Roots pick up water from the ground. Leaves take
Carbon dioxide from the air. The two elements combined with sunlight emit oxygen. Man
needs oxygen.
What is the Role of Carbohydrate (CHO) in the body? - Answer CHO is the primary &
preferred source of energy used to carry out all body functions.
Man gives off carbon dioxide (CO2) & water (H2O) Plants take up CO2; combine it with
H2O & sunlight
Man & animals eat plants & breathe oxygen
Describe the carbohydrate cycle that exists between living things and plants? - Answer
1. Plants produce oxygen & complex sugars & starches (02 & CnH2nOn
2. Man & animals eat plants & breathe oxygen
3. Man gi vest off carbon dioxide (CO2) & water (H2O). Plants take up CO2: combine it
with H2O & sunlight.
What is the overall equation for the photosynthesis that occurs in plants? - Answer 6CO2
(Carbon Dioxide) + 6H2O (Water) --Light--> C6H12O6 (sugar) + 6O2 (oxygen)
What is the role of macronutrients in the diet? - Answer
What is the role of vitamins in the diet? - Answer
What is the role of minerals in the diet? - Answer
What is the link between nutrition and preventative medicine? - Answer
BE-Explain the importance of water. - Answer
BE-Why is water an essential part of our basic needs? - Answer
,BE-Explain how digestion, absorption, and the eliminative processes affect adequate
nutrition. - Answer
BE-Explain the role macronutrients (carbohydrate, proteins, lipids "fats and oils") have
in the diet and the relationship of quality, insufficiency and excess to your state of
health. - Answer
BE-What are the major vitamins needed for health? - Answer
BE-What are the major minerals needed for health? - Answer
BE-Identify the major vitamins and minerals; list their sources, and important functions
for physical and mental health. - Answer
BE-List and evaluate other nutritional/biochemical supplements that are in common use.
- Answer
BE-Recognize various types of diets. - Answer
BE-List some of the nutritional problems and diseases associated with the Standard
American Diet. - Answer
BE-What dietary habits undermine our health? - Answer
BE-What can a person do to overcome poor dietary habits? - Answer
BE-Describe the three basic metabolic functions: building, cleansing, and maintenance.
- Answer
BE-Explain the importance of water and why it is an essential part of our basic needs. -
Answer
BE-Why has city tap water come to be considered a processed, unnatural substance? -
Answer
BE-Discuss the various sources of water available to us. - Answer
BE-List the factors that may influence the amount of water we need individually. -
Answer
BE-Explain how digestion, absorption, and the eliminative processes affect adequate
nutrition. - Answer
BE-Describe the functions of the digestive system organs. - Answer
BE-List the enzyme secretions from the digestive system organs. - Answer
BE-What effect do enzyme secretions have on the food entering the digestive system? -
Answer
What effect does the mouth have on food entering the digestive system? - Answer The
,mouth (including tongue & teeth) mechanically breaks down food into smaller particles
(mastication) Mixes food with saliva that contain digestive enzymes such as salivary
amylase (which helps the breakdown of carbohydrates).
What are the 3 salivary glands that exist in the mouth? - Answer The 3 pairs of exocrine
salivary glands in the mouth are : parotid, submandibular & sublingual glands.
What is the role of the esophagus in the digestion process? - Answer The esophagus
propels food downward to the stomach through peristalsis.
What role does the pancreas play in digestion? - Answer The pancreas secretes
digestive enzymes into the duodenum that break down all of the macronutrients
(protein, fats and carbohydrates). Produces and secretes the endocrine hormones
insulin and glucagon.
What role does the liver play in digestion? - Answer The liver:
1) Metabolizes and stores nutrients (e.g., glycogen, vitamins and minerals) absorbed
from the small intestine, delivered via the hepatic portal vein.
2) produces and secretes bile (an emulsifier).
3) Detoxifies and purifies the blood.
4) Maintains normal blood glucose levels.
5) Makes cholesterol & blood proteins (e.g., albumin and blood clotting factors).
What role does the gallbladder play in digestion? - Answer The gallbladder:
1) Concentrates and stores bile.
2) Releases bile into the duodenum to help breakdown fats into smaller globules.
What role does the stomach play in digestion? - Answer The stomach:
1) Stores & breaks down food by churning & mixing it with gastric secretions such as
HCL, pepsins & intrinsic factor.
2) Releases the hormone gastrin which stimulates the gastric glands to secrete
pepsinogens, mucus & HCl.
4) Provides non-specific immunity against pathogens.
5) Absorbs alcohol & some drugs (e.g., aspirin) directly through its walls and into the
circulatory system.
What is the role of HCl acid in the stomach? - Answer HCl converts pepsinogens into
their active form pepsins which denature proteins fro further digestion in the small
intestine.
, What are pepsinogens? - Answer Pepsinogens are secreted by gastric glands and are
protein-digesting enzymes in the stomach.
What is the role of mucus in the stomach? - Answer In the stomach, mucus protects the
stomach from acidity.
- Answer
What is function of the small intestine? - Answer The small intestine, composed of the
duodenum, ileum & jejunum, secretes hormones to stimulate the secretion of pancreatic
juices, bile, and intestinal enzymes.
What is the function of secretin in the duodenum? - Answer Secretin in the duodenum
stimulates the secretion of sodium bicarbonate from the pancreas and bile from the
liver.
What is the function of cholecystokinin in the duodenum? - Answer Cholecystokinin
(CCK) in the duodenum stimulates the release of digestive enzymes (e.g., trypsin,
chymotrypsin, lipase, and amylase) from the pancreas and bile from the gall bladder.
What is the function of gastric inhibitory peptide in the duodenum? - Answer Gastric
inhibitory peptide (GIP) in the duodenum decreases the stomach churning which slows
the emptying of chyme from the stomach. It also induces insulin secretion.
*1WHATS the best approach to when looking at the practice of preventive medicine? -
Answer The practice of preventive medicine should include both pharmaceutical and
natural medicines, providing crisis intervention, evaluation and teaching of illness
through therapy and education.
*1WHY Study Nutrition? - Answer Nutrition Studies are important because nutrition is a
basic component health. Poor nutrition can be a huge factor in disease. Nutrition is the
basis for both preventative & corrective medicine
*1WHAT are the prevalent diseases in our society that are diet related? - Answer Diet
related disease in our society are: diabetes, obesity, cancer and heart disease,
alzheimers, all auto immune diseases, depression (B6).
*1How much training does the average doctor get in nutritional training? - Answer The
average doctor gets about 40 hours of nutritional training in the basic food guide
*1Which main nutrients are likely to be less than even the RDA recommendations? -
Answer Intake of nutrients like iron, vitamin B6 & folic acid in women / vitamin E &
magnesium in men may be far lower than the RDA for these nutrients
*1What should the practice of preventative medicine consist of? - Answer It should
consist of both pharmaceutical & natural medicines. With services like crisis
intervention, evaluation & the treatment of illness through therapy & education to better
that person's everyday life
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