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CSNN Cellular Biology Exam With Complete Solution
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CSNN Cellular Biology ExamWith Complete Solution
6 Kingdoms of Life - Answer Bacteria (Prokaryotes): Archbacteria and Eubacteria
Eukaryotes: Protists, Fungi, Plants and Animals
Bacteria - Answer A member of a large group of unicellular microorganism that lacks
organelles and an organized nucleaus, including some that cause disease
Difference between Prokaryote and Eukaryote Cells - Answer The first is:
- bacteria
- Small Cell
- Unicellular
- no nucleus
- DNA Circular (no proteins)
- Ribosomes are small
- No cytoskeleton
- Reproduction asexual
The second is:
- plant, animal, fungi and protist
- larger cell
- often multicelular
- has nucleus
- DNA linear with proteins to form chomatin
- Ribosomes are small
- Always has cytoskeleton
- Reproduction asexual or sexual
4 types of bacteria feeding habits - Answer Autotrophs - produce their own food they
, can use sunlight and CO2 to photosynthisize their own food.
Heterotrophs - have enzymes that can break down larger organisms into smallers ones
for food or building material.
Sprophytes - Feed on dead organic matter resulting in food spoilage.
Parasites - live off different hosts, either as normal flora or as an infectious disease.
Archbacteria - Answer Old Bacteria (Prokaryote)
different kinds of bacterias that lives in harsh conditions. They are still prokaryotic
because they do not contain a true nucleus.
Eubacteria - Answer True Bacteria (Prokaryote)
microscopic single-celled organisms. They are sometimes referred to as the "true
bacteria," differentiating them from Archaebacteria, similar organisms with some
significant genetic and lifestyle differences.
Protists - Answer Organisms in the kingdom of life. These organisms are eukaryotes,
meaning they are made up of single or multiple cells which all contain a nucleus
enclosed by a membrane. A diverse group of eukaryotes that cannot be classified as
animals, plants, or fungi. Organisms in this kingdom include amoebae, red algae,
dinoflagellates, diatoms, euglena and slime molds.
Fungi - Answer A kingdom of eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms that live as saprobes
or parasites, including mushrooms, yeasts (single cell), and molds (multicellular); they
have rigid cell walls but lack chlorophyll. Mushrooms can save the world.
Plants - Answer Any multicellular eukaryotic organism that performs photosynthesis to
obtain its nutrition; plants comprise one of the five kingdoms in the most widely used
classification of living organisms.
Animals - Answer A living organism having sensation and the power of voluntary
movement and requiring for its existence oxygen and organic food; animals constitute
one of the five kingdoms of living organisms.
Role of enzymes - Answer Organic substances (proteins) composed of amino acids that
trigger and regulate chemical reactions in the body. There are over 700 identified
human types. They are biological catalysts that are composed of proteins. They function
to speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy required to start the reaction.
The shape of this protein is very specific to its function. They are known to catalyze
about 4,000 biochemical reactions (not just breaking starches into disaccharides and
monosaccharides)!
The type Pepsin is found in the stomach that catalyzes the breakdown of proteins into
amino acids. The fact that the stomach is very acidic due to the HCl is because for
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