CBNS 121 Final Exam Questions & Answers 2024/2025
What is the function of the axon? - ANSWERSit conducts signals and forms synapses with targets
What is the function of the dendrite? - ANSWERSreceives information from other neurons
What is the pre-neuron called? - ANSWERSneurite
What ...
What is the function of the axon? - ANSWERSit conducts signals and forms synapses with targets
What is the function of the dendrite? - ANSWERSreceives information from other neurons
What is the pre-neuron called? - ANSWERSneurite
What happens when you cut an axon? - ANSWERSit allows ONE dendrite to become a new axon
What are two things that help the axon find the correct target? - ANSWERSEnvironmental cues
guidepost cells
What are the two long range cues mentioned in class? - ANSWERSnetrins and semaphorins
What are the two short range cues mentioned in class? - ANSWERScadherins and ephrins
What is the growth cone? - ANSWERSthe leading edge of the axon
Why do neurons die? - ANSWERSneurons are overgenerated during development and so programmed
cell death acts as a control over neuronal number
What are some of the reasons why a neuron may die? - ANSWERSremove non functioning cells
remove cells that with inappropriate connections
systems matching
remove guidance cues
remove transiently important cells
, remove harmful cells
evolutionary change
What are the two types of neuronal death? - ANSWERSnecrosis
programmed cell death
Why does necrosis occur? - ANSWERSthe cell has become injured
pyknosis - ANSWERScondensation of nuclear material that occurs during necrosis
What type of cell death occurs during a stroke? - ANSWERSnecrosis:
hemorrhagic and ischemic
Excitotoxicity (why too much glutamate is bad) - ANSWERSthe NMDA and AMPA receptors are
overactivated and this leads to too much glutamate, causing the cell to die
Autophagy - ANSWERSa cell is engulfed to make an autophagasome. this autophagasome then goes on
to fuse with the lysosome, destroyed the cellular contents
What are some characteristics of a cell dying by autophagy? - ANSWERSno nucleus, cytoplasm gets more
electron dense, mitochondria dense and clustered, accumulation of vacuoles
What is the defined process by which apoptosis occurs? - ANSWERS1) condensation of nuclear material
(pyknosis)
2) plasma membrane "blebs", creating small fragments
3) cell fragments are eaten by nearby phagocytes
4) chromosomes get cleaved into nucleosome sized fragments
What is the histological way to detect apoptosis? - ANSWERSTUNEL assay
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