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Exam (elaborations)

LING-115 Final Exam with complete solutions

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  • LING 115
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  • LING 115

LING-115 Final Exam with complete solutions

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  • September 28, 2024
  • 22
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • LING 115
  • LING 115
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BravelRadon
LING-115 Final Exam

Standard language - correct answer ✔✔A language that can be written/standardized to some degree by
grammar



Lingua franca - correct answer ✔✔Language which is used for communication by peoples whose first
languages differ



National language - correct answer ✔✔Symbol of nation's identity; helps unify the citizens



Official language - correct answer ✔✔Language that speakers have the legal right to use in a designated
official domain



Paraguay (NL, OL) - correct answer ✔✔Guarani, Spanish



Tanzania (NL, OL) - correct answer ✔✔Swahili, Swahili/English



Languages of wider communication (LWC) - correct answer ✔✔Use of a language in a wide range of
formal domains



Examples of LWC's - correct answer ✔✔Swahili in Tanzania

Urdu in Pakistan



Is English an official language in USA or Britain? - correct answer ✔✔No; vast majority of the population
speaks English, but it's unnecessary to state that English is the national language



Most important factor taken into account when a government recognizes a language - correct answer
✔✔Cost

,What was the Philippines' national language, and what was it based on? - correct answer ✔✔Pilipino /
Tagalog; caused a lot of resentment based on the advantages of national languages



Steps in the establishment and spread of a new national language - correct answer ✔✔1. Selection

2. Codification

3. Lexical expansion/Elaboration of function

4. Implementation

5. Acceptance



Selection - correct answer ✔✔Appropriate variety must be chosen from a set of alternatives



Codification - correct answer ✔✔Selected language has to be standardized by:

1. Grammar rules

2. Dictionary

3. Written form of the language



Lexical expansion/Elaboration of function - correct answer ✔✔Expansion of the vocabulary (creation of
new words)



Implementation - correct answer ✔✔Use of the national language in:

Mass education

Radio/television

Propaganda



Acceptance - correct answer ✔✔Positive promotion strategies by the government



Terms related to language planning (3) - correct answer ✔✔1. Language planning

2. Corpus planning

3. Status planning

, Language planning - correct answer ✔✔Activities which aim at changing linguistic behavior



Corpus planning - correct answer ✔✔Activities attempting to change internal structure (language
expansion)



Status planning - correct answer ✔✔Efforts to change the use/function of a language (i.e.
national/official language)



Ideals of a successful national language - correct answer ✔✔Unifying function - Unites a people

Separatist function - Distinguishes from other countries

Prestige - Higher status than other dialects

Function as a standard - Model of speech



Norway had two competing national languages: ________ & ________ - correct answer ✔✔Bokmal &
Nynorsk



Bokmal was: - correct answer ✔✔The language of the state (urban parts of Norway; borrowed from
Danish language)



Nynorsk was: - correct answer ✔✔The language of the lands (rural lands of Norway; local Norwegian
words)



Purification - correct answer ✔✔Language expansion involving the development of a new national
identity



Protectionism - correct answer ✔✔Language expansion in order to defend an image previously
established through a national language



Lexical purification - correct answer ✔✔Purging a national language of words of foreign words to restore
the language to a pure state

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