TEST BANK i.l i.l i.l
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Test Bank for Foundations of Mental Health Care
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8th Edition
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TEST BANK i.l
,i.l Michelle Morrison-Valfre: Foundations of Mental Health Care 8th Edition
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Chapter 01: The History of Mental Care
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MULTIPLE CHOICE i.l
1. The belief of the ancient Greek philosopher Plato that the rational soul controlled the
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irrational soul could be compared with the belief of the more recent psychological theorist:
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a. Freud
b. Pinel
c. Fisher
d. Rush
ANS: A i.l
Sigmund Freud believed that mental illness was, in part, caused by forces both within and
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outside the personality. Philippe Pinel advocated acceptance of mentally ill individuals as
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human beings in need of medical assistance. Alice Fisher was a Florence Nightingale nurse
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who cared for the mentally ill, and Dr. Benjamin Rush was the author of the book Diseases
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ofthe Mind.
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PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
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4OBJ:
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i.l TOP: Early Years of Mental Health i . l i.l i.l i.l i.l i.l
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
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2. During the mid-1500s, behaviors associated with mental illness were more accurately
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recorded by professionals. This practice led to
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abnormalbehaviors.
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a. Classifications
b. Diagnosing
c. Treatment
d. Education
ANS: A i.l
Classification of abnormal behaviors did not begin until this time, after the practice of i.l i.l i.l i.l i.l i.l i.l i.l i.l i.l i.l i.l i.l
moreaccurate recording of behaviors was begun. Diagnoses, treatment guidelines, and any
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education regarding mental health disorders were not available during this period.
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PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge
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5OBJ:
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i.l TOP: Mental Illness During the Renaissance
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KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
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3. During the latter part of the eighteenth century, psychiatry became a separate branch of
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medicine, and inhumane treatment was greatly diminished by the French hospital director:
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a. Dix
b. Beers
c. Pinel
d. Carter
ANS: C i.l
, Philippe Pinel advocated acceptance of the mentally ill, as well as proper treatment.
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DorotheaDix crusaded for construction of mental health hospitals. Clifford Beers wrote the
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book A Mind That Found Itself. President Jimmy Carter established the President’s
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Commission on Mental Health in 1978.
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PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge i . REF: p. l i.l i.l i.l
5OBJ:
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i.l TOP: Mental Illness in the Eighteenth Century i . l i.l i.l i.l i.l i.l i.l
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
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4. In 1841, i.l surveyed asylums, jails, and almshouses throughout the United i.l i.l i.l i.l i.l i.l i.l
States, Canada, and Scotland and is credited with bringing about public awareness and
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reformfor the care of the mentally ill.
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a. Sigmund Freud i.l
b. John Cade i.l
c. Florence Nightingale i.l
d. Dorothea Dix i.l
ANS: D i.l
Dorothea Dix spent 20 years surveying facilities that housed mentally ill individuals and
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iscredited with major changes in the care of the mentally ill. Sigmund Freud introduced
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the concept of psychoanalysis, John Cade discovered lithium carbonate for the treatment
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of bipolar disorder, and Florence Nightingale trained nurses in England in the 1800s.
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PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge i . REF: p. l i.l i.l i.l
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i.l TOP: Mental Illness in the Nineteenth Century i . l i.l i.l i.l i.l i.l i.l
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
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5. As a direct result of CliffordN
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ook,MA Mind That Found Itself, the Committee
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U inS1909 with a focus on prevention of mental illness and:
for Mental Hygiene was formed
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a. Early detection of symptoms of mental illness i.l i.l i.l i.l i.l i.l
b. Education of caregivers i.l i.l
c. Current treatment options i.l i.l
d. Removing the stigma attached to mental illness i.l i.l i.l i.l i.l i.l
ANS: D i.l
Clifford Beers’ book reflected on his attempt at suicide followed by the deplorable care he
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received for the next 3 years in mental hospitals. Beers’ work and book raised the
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consciousness of people throughout the country regarding prevention and removal of the
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stigma of having a mental illness. Early detection of symptoms, education of caregivers,
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andcurrent treatment options regarding mental illness were not the focus of his book, nor
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were they a priority for the Committee for Mental Hygiene.
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PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge i .REF: p. l i.l i.l i.l
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i.l TOP: Mental Illness in the Twentieth Century i . l i.l i.l i.l i.l i.l i.l
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
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6. During the 1930s, what common treatment for schizophrenia caused clients to fall into a
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comathat could last as long as 50 hours?
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a. Electroconvulsive therapy i.l
b. Insulin therapy i.l
c. Humoral therapy i.l
, d. Amphetamine therapy i.l
ANS: B i.l
Insulin therapy was believed to successfully treat schizophrenia in the early 1900s.
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Amphetamines were used to treat depression, and electroconvulsive therapy was used
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forsevere depression. Humoral therapy, which originated in ancient Greece and Rome,
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was abelief that mental illness resulted from an imbalance of the humors of air, fire,
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water, andearth.
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PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledgei .REF: p. l i.l i.l i.l
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i.l TOP: Influences of War on Mental Health Therapies
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KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
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7. In the 1930s, what mental health disorder was electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) most
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oftenused to treat?
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a. Schizophrenia
b. Bipolar disorder i.l
c. Severe depression i.l
d. Violent behavior i.l
ANS: C i.l
ECT was found to be an effective treatment for severe depression in the 1930s. During this
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period, schizophrenia was treated with insulin therapy, and violent behavior was treated with
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alobotomy. In 1949, lithium carbonate was discovered as a treatment for bipolar disorder.
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PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge
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i.l TOP: Influences of War on Mental Health Therapies
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KEY: Nursing Process Step: A nt GMSB
C:.C
ClienM
t Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
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US N T i.l i.l i.l i . l O
8. In the early twentieth century, a frontal lobotomy was a common treatment for violent
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behaviors. Which description of this procedure is accurate? i.l i.l i.l i.l i.l i.l i.l
a. A procedure that delivers an electrical stimulus to the frontal lobes of the brain
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b. A surgical procedure that drills holes in the front of the skull to drain fluid
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c. A surgical procedure that severs the frontal lobes of the brain from the thalamus
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d. A surgical procedure that inserts implants into the frontal lobes of the brain
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ANS: C i.l
A frontal lobotomy is a surgical procedure in which the frontal lobes of the brain are
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severedfrom the thalamus.
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PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledgei .REF: p. l i.l i.l i.l
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KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
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9. Which class of drugs was introduced in the 1930s for the treatment of depression?
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a. SSRIs
b. Tricyclic antidepressants i.l
c. MAOIs
d. Amphetamines
ANS: D i.l
