Biology nucleic acid structure Questions
and Answers
DNA and RNA are - answer nucleic acids, polymers made of subunits called
nucleotides
nucleic acid - answer a polymer consisting of many nucleotide monomers; serves as
a blueprint for proteins and cellular activities
nucleotides - answer building block of nucleic acid, consisting of a 5 carbon sugar
covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group (G)
one difference between RNA and DNA - answer is the type of sugar their nucleotides
contain
what type of sugar does DNA contain? - answer deoxyribose
what type of sugar does RNA contain? - answer ribose
ribose - answer has one more oxygen atom than deoxyribose
RNA and DNA are each composed of - answer four different nucleotides that differ in
their nitrogenous bases
what nitrogenous bases are the same in DNA and RNA? - answer adenine, guanine,
and cytosine
what is the fourth base in DNA? - answer thymine
what is the fourth base in RNA? - answer uracil
the nitrogenous bases (G)(A) - answer each have two linked atoms and are called
purines
(C)(T)(U) bases each have - answer a single ring and they are called pyrimidines
carbon atoms in a nucleotides sugars are numbered beginning w/ the carbon bonded to
the - answer nitrogenous base, moving around ring to the phosphate group
the 1' carbon is bonded to - answer the nitrogenous base
the 3' carbon is bonded to - answer the next nucleotide
, the 5' carbon is bonded to - answer the phosphate group
polynucleotides - answer long chains of nucleotides
polynucleotides are always assembled - answer in the 5' to 3' direction
a covalent bond forms between - answer the carbon at the 3' position of a nucleotide
and the phosphate group at the 5' position of the next nucleotide
RNA usually consists of - answer a single polynucleotide chain
DNA usually consists of - answer two polynucleotide chains
the two DNA strands are - answer oriented in opposite directions and held together
by hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous bases on opposite strands
adenine pairs with - answer thymine
cytosine pairs with - answer guanine
the two polynucleotides in DNA wind around each other to form - answer the double
helix
the bases can be - answer in any order, but the base sequence is significant
the different sequences of bases make up - answer genes
genes - answer encode the instructions for the structure and function of an organism
New nucleotides are added to the - answer 3' end of a growing polynucleotide
Hershey and Chase - answer confirmed DNA's preeminent role in genetics as the
material of a virus called phage T2
phage - answer a virus that infects bacteria; bacteriophage
what does the phage consist of? - answer a head, sheath, tail, and base plate made
of different proteins
where is DNA packaged in the phage? - answer within the head of the virus
when T2 comes in contact w/E.coli - answer the phage attaches to the bacterium by
its tail
lyses - answer the bacterium breaking open
and Answers
DNA and RNA are - answer nucleic acids, polymers made of subunits called
nucleotides
nucleic acid - answer a polymer consisting of many nucleotide monomers; serves as
a blueprint for proteins and cellular activities
nucleotides - answer building block of nucleic acid, consisting of a 5 carbon sugar
covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group (G)
one difference between RNA and DNA - answer is the type of sugar their nucleotides
contain
what type of sugar does DNA contain? - answer deoxyribose
what type of sugar does RNA contain? - answer ribose
ribose - answer has one more oxygen atom than deoxyribose
RNA and DNA are each composed of - answer four different nucleotides that differ in
their nitrogenous bases
what nitrogenous bases are the same in DNA and RNA? - answer adenine, guanine,
and cytosine
what is the fourth base in DNA? - answer thymine
what is the fourth base in RNA? - answer uracil
the nitrogenous bases (G)(A) - answer each have two linked atoms and are called
purines
(C)(T)(U) bases each have - answer a single ring and they are called pyrimidines
carbon atoms in a nucleotides sugars are numbered beginning w/ the carbon bonded to
the - answer nitrogenous base, moving around ring to the phosphate group
the 1' carbon is bonded to - answer the nitrogenous base
the 3' carbon is bonded to - answer the next nucleotide
, the 5' carbon is bonded to - answer the phosphate group
polynucleotides - answer long chains of nucleotides
polynucleotides are always assembled - answer in the 5' to 3' direction
a covalent bond forms between - answer the carbon at the 3' position of a nucleotide
and the phosphate group at the 5' position of the next nucleotide
RNA usually consists of - answer a single polynucleotide chain
DNA usually consists of - answer two polynucleotide chains
the two DNA strands are - answer oriented in opposite directions and held together
by hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous bases on opposite strands
adenine pairs with - answer thymine
cytosine pairs with - answer guanine
the two polynucleotides in DNA wind around each other to form - answer the double
helix
the bases can be - answer in any order, but the base sequence is significant
the different sequences of bases make up - answer genes
genes - answer encode the instructions for the structure and function of an organism
New nucleotides are added to the - answer 3' end of a growing polynucleotide
Hershey and Chase - answer confirmed DNA's preeminent role in genetics as the
material of a virus called phage T2
phage - answer a virus that infects bacteria; bacteriophage
what does the phage consist of? - answer a head, sheath, tail, and base plate made
of different proteins
where is DNA packaged in the phage? - answer within the head of the virus
when T2 comes in contact w/E.coli - answer the phage attaches to the bacterium by
its tail
lyses - answer the bacterium breaking open
