AQA PSYCHOLOGY - FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
6 views 0 purchase
Course
AQA PSYCHOLOGY
Institution
AQA PSYCHOLOGY
AQA PSYCHOLOGY - FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
Offender profiling
Turco: Biographical sketch gathered from information taken at a crime scene
A behavioural and analytical tool used to help investigators accurately predict and profile the char...
Turco: Biographical sketch gathered from information taken at a crime scene
A behavioural and analytical tool used to help investigators accurately predict and profile the
characteristics of unknown criminals
Top-Down approach
- from the work of the USA FBI in the 1970s
- FBI gathered data from in depth interviews with 36 sexually motivated killers eg Ted Bundy
- Murderers and rapists are classified as either organised or disorganised
- Starts with the big picture and a pre-established typology and work down in order to assign offenders
to a category based on evidence
Organised offender
- Show evidence of having planned the crime in advance
- Victim is often targeted and fits a 'type'
- Above average IQ and socially / sexually competent
- Usually married with kids
Disorganised offender
,- Shows little evidence of planning
- Impulsive act
- Little control exerted from the offender
- Be in unskilled work or out of work
- lower than average IQ
- tend to live alone and close to the crime scene
the four main stages in the top down approach
- Data assimilation (profiler reviews the evidence )
- Crime scene classification ( organised vs disorganised )
- Crime reconstruction ( hypotheses in terms of sequence of events and behaviour of victim )
- Profile generation
( hypothesis related to the likely offender )
Bottom - up approach
- British model does not begin with fixed typologies ( builds an individual profile)- David Canter
- creates a profile by making inferences from statistical analysis of details from the crime scene
compared to database of similar crimes and matching with statistical analysis of typical behaviour
patterns- investgative
Investigative psychology
Focuses onunderstanding and profiling criminals to assit with silving crimes and provide empirical
evidence- Canter
Characteristics can help to classify them and increases chance of apprehension
3 assumptions of investigative psychology
, - Interpersonal Coherence
(Consistency between the way offenders interact with victims and behaviour in everyday situations)
- Significance of Time and place
(Time and location may show something about the offender's place of residence- geographical profiling)
- Criminal characteristics/ Forensic Awareness
(Focuses on indivduals who have been subject to a police interrogation before so show awareness of
'covering their tracks' eg clean up a crime scene)
Geographical profiling
Rossmo 1997: Geographical profiling: location info used to make inferences about likely 'operational
base' of an offender- called crime mapping
-Based on spatial consistency: create hypothesis about offenders thoughts thier modu operandi, centre
of gravity and jeopardy surface
Canters and Larkins (1993)
-'circle thoery' to grographically profile where a pattern of offending forms a circle around an offernders
base
- Proposed two distribution of offences desciptions:
- the MARAUDER
(Operates in close proximity to home base)
- the COMMUTER
(Travelled a distance from their usual residence)
-Offers insight into nature of offense (whether planned or opportunistic)
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller NurseAdvocate. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $10.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
