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ling 115 unit 1 questions with 100% correct answers
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ling 115 unit 1 questions with 100% correct answers
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ling 115 unit 1The Invariant System Hypothesis - correct answer ✔✔LANGUAGE consists of:
-set of words
-rules of grammar and pronunciation
-people use these rules in the same way
Problem with Invariant System Hypothesis - correct answer ✔✔language variation--> no two individuals
make use of an identical set of rules or vocab the same
idiolect - correct answer ✔✔unique personalized way that each individual uses language
Mutual Intelligibility Hypothesis - correct answer ✔✔If 2 speakers can understand each other when they
speak (despite slight difference), they are speaking two varieties of the same language
MIH counterexample (Type 1) - correct answer ✔✔2+ varieties of speech are mutually intelligible but
classified as different languages
ex: Hindi and Urdu
MIH counterexample (Type 2) - correct answer ✔✔2+ varieties are mutually unintelligible but classified
as varieties (dialects) of the same language
ex: Chinese, Mandarin, Taiwanese, Cantonese, Shanghainese are different but classified as dialects of
Chinese
MIH counter conc - correct answer ✔✔MIH can't account for real-world language-dialect divisions
Socio-political factors (language vs. dialect) - correct answer ✔✔Political events and situations often lead
to formal recognition of varieties either as languages or dialects
, serbo-croation - correct answer ✔✔-considered varieties of a single language at first
-When Yugoslavia broke up, nationalists claimed they were different languages
-even though mutually intelligble
"a language is a dialect with an army and a navy" - correct answer ✔✔Description of the distinction
between dialect and language. It points out the influence that political conditions can have over a
community's perception of the status of a language or dialect.
India (language vs. dialect sitch) - correct answer ✔✔-those in government spoke Hindi and while doing
the census, inflated numbers of those who spoke Hindi
-wanted to push it as national language
-even though it wasn't majority language
why would governments recognize fewer languages than independent observers would? - correct
answer ✔✔governments want to downplay diversity and offer ling rights to fewer groups
list ways a variety can get language recognition - correct answer ✔✔1) natural selection
2) deliberate selection
natural selection - correct answer ✔✔a particular group becomes more powerful over time militarily and
economically
deliberate selection - correct answer ✔✔government decides they want to increase status of a particular
variety and give it a special role (NL or OL)
deliberate selection example - correct answer ✔✔modern Japanese: decided to elevate a certain way of
speaking as a model for NL
how a language can be standardized - correct answer ✔✔-creating dictionaries
-expand vocab
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