Exam 1 (NUR 353) | Complete Solutions (Verified) The process by which human beings produce a new individual. The total process by which organisms produce offspring. Reproduction These cells carry the genetic materials needed for conception and genetic material. Reproductive cells (Such as oocytes...
The process by which human beings produce a new individual. The total process by
which organisms produce offspring.
Reproduction
These cells carry the genetic materials needed for conception and genetic material.
Reproductive cells (Such as oocytes or spermatocytes)
The formation and development of germ cells, oocytes, and spermatocytes.
Gametogenesis
Gametogenesis occurs through _____.
Meiosis
The process of egg formation.
Oogenesis
The formation of a germ cell to a sperm cell.
Spermatogenesis
An oocyte matures to an _____.
Ovum
What are the two populations at greatest risk for problems with reproduction?
Impoverished and adolescents
Your client is a 17 year old female that just found out she is 8 weeks gestation. Based
on her age, you suspect that she is:
a. At risk for problems with reproduction
b. Not at risk for problems with reproduction
(The very young (under 18) and the very old (over 35) are a population that is at risk for
problems with reproduction.)
Your pregnant patient has an STD. This is an example of which category risk factor for
reproduction?
a. Biophysical
b. Psychosocial
,c. Sociodemographic
d. Environmental
(Biophysical risk factors include PID, HIV/AIDS, any STD, chromosomal abnormalities,
hypertension, heart failure, type I diabetes, and obesity. Basically, any medical
condition.)
You know that which of the following would be an example of a psychosocial risk factor
related to reproduction?
a. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
b. Secondhand smoking
c. Drug addiction
d. Lack of insurance
(Psychosocial risk factors include: Isolation, anxiety, depression, spousal abuse or inter
partner violence, drug and alcohol use and addiction.)
Formation of a viable zygote.
Conception
A process that interferes with the normal process of ovulation, fertilization, and
implantation.
Contraception
The union of a spermatozoal nucleus with an egg nucleus to form the primary nucleus
of an embryo
Fertilization
Carrying of an embryo or fetus inside the uterus from conception until birth.
Gestation
Refers to the embryonic or fetal age plus two weeks (approximately the duration since
the woman's last menstrual period (LMP) began.
Gestational age
List 5 causes of male infertility.
1. Low testosterone levels
2. Undescended testes
3. Varicocele
4. Low sperm count/no sperm count
5. Infections
Describe of process of reproduction/fertilization.
An oocyte is created through the process of oogenesis. During ovulation, the ovum
(mature oocyte) drops into the distal third of the fallopian tube. During intercourse, the
sperm travels through the vagina, past the cervix, then into the uterus. The sperm
swims around to find the ovum in the distal third of the fallopian tube. When the sperm
finds the ovum, it fertilizes the egg. When the nucleus of the fertilized cell splits, it forms
a zygote (day 1). For a few days, the zygote keeps splitting until it gets to 16 cells, then
it is called a morula. It becomes at blastocyst at day 5 then implants into the
endometrium. This entire time the cell is traveling from the distal third of the fallopian
tube to the fundus of the uterus.
The main hormone involved with labor and delivery. It causes labor contractions, and
prevents hemorrhaging right after delivery.
Oxytocin
From 6-8 days until 8 weeks gestation, a baby is called what?
Embryo
From 9 weeks gestation on, a baby is called what?
A fetus
How long is an egg viable for?
24 hours
These two hormones peak right before ovulation, to cause the ovum to be released into
the fallopian tube.
FSH and LH
How long does it take for the fertilized egg to travel from the ampulla of the fallopian
tube to the uterus to implant?
Up to 7 days, it varies.
A fertilized egg
Zygote
The process of the blastocyst implanting in the uterus releases which hormone,
commonly used for pregnancy tests?
HCG
The period from fertilization (Day 0) to 2 weeks is called what?
Pre-embryonic period
, Which period is most critical in the development of the organ systems and main features
of a fetus?
Embryonic period (Week 2-8)
What are the three layers of the blastocyst?
1. Ectoderm
2. Mesoderm
3. Endoderm
In the fetal period, the fetus grows how much per day?
1.5%
The term for the uterine lining during pregnancy (endometrium), which forms the
maternal part of the placenta.
Decidua
# of times a woman has been pregnant (including current pregnancy)
Gravida
# of times a woman has given birth, longer than 20 weeks gestation
Parity
A woman who has had 2 or more pregnancies
Multigravida
A woman who has had no pregnancies
Nulligravida
A woman who is pregnant for the first time
Primigravida
A woman who has completed two or more pregnancies to 20 weeks of gestation or
more
Multipara
A woman who has not completed a pregnancy with a fetus or fetuses beyond 20 weeks
of gestation
Nullipara
A pregnancy that has reached 20 weeks of gestation but ends before completion of 37
weeks of gestation
Preterm
A woman who has completed one pregnancy with a fetus or fetuses who have reached
20 weeks of gestation
Primipara
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