Class notes
PSYC 111 Chapter 3 Notes
- Course
- PSYC 111
- Institution
- State University Of New York - Binghamton
This is a comprehensive and detailed note on Chapter 3;Body Rhythms and States of Consciousness.
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Body Rhythms and States of ConsciousnessTrue or false exercise
Snoring is bad for your health- could indicate sleep apnea. Risk factors include:
o Obesity
o Most common person with this: middle aged man
Sleep disorders are often genetic
Sleep and dreaming
Learning Goals
Definitions of Sleep:
Why we sleep
Why we dream
Sleep disorders
o Sleep paralysis- when a person is conscious but paralyzed for a few minutes when coming out of
sleep
o Fatal Familial Insomnia
Affects the thalamus
Dominant genetic disorder (Codon 178 is a gene associated with prion disorders
causes buildup of misfolded proteins in the brain)
Stop being able to sleep, incurable and untreatable, leads to death
Developmental differences in sleep
Cultural differences in sleep practices
Body Rhythms
Sleep cycle
o Non rem 1(rapid brain activity)
Some people get a sense of falling
o Non rem 2,
Sleep spindles
o Non rem 3
Delta waves during sleep
“Deep Sleep”-very hard to wake someone up
o REM
Dreaming,
Body is supposed to be paralyzed
Also called paradoxical sleep
o One cycle takes 90-120 minutes
o As night goes on you could lose REM sleep or deep sleep
, Why do we sleep?
o Sleep deprivation
There were problems with people who were deprived of sleep
Don’t perform as well on cognitive tests after 1 night
2 nights worse
3 nights- can’t stay awake
After 3 nights, you begin to hallucinate
Sleep as a restorative process
o When kids sleep they release growth hormones
Sleep as a clock driven process
o Circadian Rhythm (may be driven by ganglion cells in the eyes)
Sleep/ wake cycle is daily
Sleep stage cycles happen 4-5 times a night
Driven by specialized ganglion cells in eyes
Sleep Hygiene: making the environment as good for sleep as possible
o Includes making the room dark
Body Rhythms
o Circadian (about every 24 hours)
o Tiredness depends on time of day
o Flying disrupts circadian clock
o Reason why night shifts are difficult
Setting the circadian clock is called “photoentrainment”
Ganglion cells in the eye that may be responsible for photoentrainment contain the pigment
“melanopsin”
“Melatonin” secreted by the pineal gland, levels are affected by light levels.
o Rises during sleep in a darkened room
o Falls in a lighted room upon waking
Why do we sleep?
Sleep as an evolutionary relic
o We sleep at night because evolutionarily, this kept us safe from predators (seeked shelter and
were still)
o Conserves resources because less calories are burned
o
Daily Sleep Time in Animals
o Giraffe 1.9
o Elephant3.1
o Pilot Whale5.3
o Cat 12.5
o Chipmunk 15.8
o Brown Bat 19.9
o Predators tend to sleep more, large animals tend to sleep less
Sleep Disorders
Insomnia
o 1/10 to 1/3 people have insomnia
o More likely to affect women
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