Nur 371 Exam 1 Practice Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
NUR 371
Institution
NUR 371
Electrolytes minerals that help maintain the body's fluid balance carry electrical impulses to other cells positive=cation negative=anion
Potasium (k+) Cation/ major ICF (98%) 2% (ECF) 3.5-5 mEq/L nueromuscular/cardiac activity/nerve impulses and cellular metabolism Influenced by potassium-sodium ...
Nur 371 Exam 1 Practice Questions and
Correct Answers
Electrolytes ✅minerals that help maintain the body's fluid balance
carry electrical impulses to other cells
positive=cation
negative=anion
Potasium (k+) ✅Cation/ major ICF (98%) 2% (ECF)
3.5-5 mEq/L
nueromuscular/cardiac activity/nerve impulses and cellular metabolism
Influenced by potassium-sodium pump/pumps potassium in sodium out
acidotic=pulls potassium out
alkalotic=put K in
4.7g of K+/day
FX: normal kidney fx/carbs=>to energy/amino acids to protein/acid base balance
Sodium (Na+) ✅135-145 mEq/L
Cation in ECF/ imbalances occur with chloride
2000-4000 mg/day /bacon/ham/soda crackers/decaf coffee/juice/
major role in fluid volume balance
FX: conduction of nerve impulses/ kidney maintain normal serum levels
Na serum= sodium to water ratio not loss of Na
Calcium (Ca+) ✅8.5 to 10.5 mg/dL
equal in ECF and ICF
90% found in teeth and bones
bound to protein=50%
free and ionized=40%==> can leave vascular space and be active in cellular fx
acidotic=decreased Ca binding
alkalotic=decreased ionized Ca
promotes normal nerve and muscle fx
cardiac excitabliltiy/ promotes blood clotting/vitamin D is needed for absorption Ca
Magnesium (Mg++) ✅1.5-2.5 mEq/L
plentiful in ICF
promotes normal potassium calcium balance
deficit occurs with hypo/hypekalemia
8-20 mEq/day
promotes transmission of neuromuscular/activity/
CNS fx
activates enzymes for metab. of carbs
transports K Na across membranes
, Chloride (Cl-) ✅98-108 mEq/L
principle anion in ECF
acid-base balance/ gastric juice acidity/ and osmolarity
Phosphorus (Po-) ✅2.5-4.5 mg/dL
primary anion in ICF
foundas phosphate
need vitamin D to absorb thru GI tract
need normal renal fx for excretion
high phosphate low Ca
High Ca low phosphate
bone and teeth formation and neuromuscular activity
important component of DNA RNA
energy transfer/ cellular osmotic pressure/ acid-base balance of fluids
whole grain cereal/mnuts/milks/meat
hypokalemia manifestations ✅below 3.5 mEq/L
most cases are from excess loss
fatigue,muscel weakness, anorexia, vomiting
starts in quads and goes up the body leading to paralysis/ confusion/ cardiac arrest
flattened T wave
hyperkalemia manfistations ✅above 5.0 mEq/L
EKG changes/ tachycardia followed by bradycardia/metabolic acidosis/paresthesia
Hypocalcemia manifestations ✅below 8.5 mEq/L
anxiety/twitching/hyperactive tendon/ spasms of hand feet wrists and ankles/lethargeal
spasms/troussea signs
dry hair and skin/nails
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