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11th Grade U.S. History STAAR Review Exam/249 Questions and answers
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11th Grade U.S. History STAAR Review Exam/249 Questions and answers
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11th Grade U.S. History STAARReview Exam/249 Questions and
answers
Thomas Edison - - American inventor best known for inventing the electric
light bulb, acoustic recording on wax cylinders, and motion pictures.
- Alexander Graham Bell - - Invented the telephone
- Captain of Industry - - a business leader whose means of amassing a
personal fortune contributes positively to the country in some way.
- Robber Baron - - Refers to the industrialists or big business owners who
gained huge profits by paying their employees extremely low wages. They
also drove their competitors out of business by selling their products cheaper
than it cost to produce it. Then when they controlled the market, they hiked
prices high above original price.
- Andrew Carnegie - - A Scottish-born American industrialist and
philanthropist who founded the Carnegie Steel Company in 1892. By 1901,
his company dominated the American steel industry.
- John D. Rockefeller - - Wealthy owner of Standard Oil Company.
Considered to be a robber baron who used ruthless tactics to eliminate other
businesses. Built trusts and used money to influence government.
- Samuel Gompers - - led the AFL (American Federation of Labor), a skilled
craft union, fought for wages and working conditions, they went on strike,
boycotted and used collective bargaining
- Knights of Labor - - Led by Terence V. Powderly; open-membership policy
extending to unskilled, semiskilled, women, African-Americans, immigrants;
goal was to create a cooperative society between in which labors owned the
industries in which they worked
- American Federation of Labor - - 1886; founded by Samuel Gompers;
sought better wages, hrs, working conditions; skilled laborers, arose out of
dissatisfaction with the Knights of Labor, rejected socialist and communist
ideas, non-violent.
- Bessemer Process - - an industrial process for making steel using a
Bessemer converter to blast air through through molten iron and thus
burning the excess carbon and impurities
, - Telephone - - Communication device invented by Alexander Graham Bell
in 1986.
- Monopoly - - Complete control of a product or business by one person or
group
- Laissez-Faire - - Hands off. No government intervention in business.
- Child Labor - - using children to work in factories and businesses
- New Immigrants - - immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe, they
did not speak English - primarily Catholic. Came for opportunity - jobs, land.
- Nativists - - Americans who feared that immigrants would take jobs and
impose their Roman Catholic beliefs on society
- Ethnic Ghettos - - immigrants lived here due to cultural similarities,
especially in big cities
- Chinese Exclusion Act - - (1882) Denied any additional Chinese laborers to
enter the country while allowing students and merchants to immigrate.
- Political Machines - - Corrupt organized groups that controlled political
parties in the cities. A boss leads the machine and attempts to grab more
votes for his party.
- Tenements - - Poorly built, overcrowded housing where many immigrants
lived
- Political Bosses - - Corrupt local politicians who took bribes and offered
services in exchange for votes.
- Boss Tweed - - A political boss who carried corruption to new extremes,
and cheated the city out of more than $100 million
- Push pull Factors - - The push factor involves a force which acts to drive
people away from a place and the pull factor is what draws them to a new
location. (Push factors=famine, low employment, etc.) (Pull factor=american
dream).
- Americanization - - This process was designed to make immigrants more
"Americanized". It included learning to dress, speak, and act like other
Americans. This was done through the schools.
, - Assimilation - - Adopting the traits of another culture. Often happens over
time when one immigrates into a new country.
- Indian Wars - - 1850 to 1890; series of conflicts between the US Army /
settlers and different Native American tribes
- Dawes Act - - 1887 law which gave all Native American males 160 acres to
farm and also set up schools to make Native American children more like
other Americans
- Homestead Act - - This act, passed in 1862, gave 160 acres of public land
to any settler who would farm the land for five years.
- Populist Party - - U.S. political party formed in 1892 representing mainly
farmers, favoring free coinage of silver and government control of railroads
and other monopolies
- Progressive Movement - - reform effort, generally centered in urban areas
and begun in the early 1900s, whose aims included returning control of the
government to the people, restoring economic opportunities, and correcting
injustices in American life.
- William Jennings Bryan - - United States lawyer and politician who
advocated free silver and prosecuted John Scopes (1925) for teaching
evolution in a Tennessee high school (1860-1925)
- Social Gospel Movement - - A 19th century reform movement based on
the belief that Christians have a responsibility to help improve working
conditions and alleviate poverty
- Muckrakers - - Journalists who attempted to find corruption or wrongdoing
in industries and expose it to the public
- Upton Sinclair - - muckraker who shocked the nation when he published
The Jungle, a novel that revealed gruesome details about the meat packing
industry in Chicago. The book was fiction but based on the things Sinclair
had seen.
- Theodore Roosevelt - - 1858-1919. 26th President. Increased size of Navy,
"Great White Fleet". Added Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine. "Big
Stick" policy. Received Nobel Peace Prize for mediation of end of Russo-
Japanese war. Later arbitrated split of Morocco between Germany and
France.
- William Howard Taft - - (1908-1912), was endorsed by Roosevelt because
he pledged to carry on progressive program, then he didn't appoint any
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