PSYC 241 Review Practice Exam Questions & Answers.
3 theories of altruism - CORRECT ANSWER 1) Kin Selection
2) Reciprocal altruism
3) Cooperatice group
social psychology - CORRECT ANSWER the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another
Sociology (compar...
PSYC 241 Review Practice Exam
Questions & Answers.
3 theories of altruism - CORRECT ANSWER 1) Kin Selection
2) Reciprocal altruism
3) Cooperatice group
social psychology - CORRECT ANSWER the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate
to one another
Sociology (compared to social psychology) - CORRECT ANSWER unit of analysis tends to be more on the
individual rather than the group
Similar research questions
Cognitive psychology (compared to social psychology) - CORRECT ANSWER Focus of research questions
tends to be different
Similar methodology
Personality Psychology (compared to social psychology) - CORRECT ANSWER Unit of analysis tends to be
of individual differences whereas SP focuses more on how individuals interact with the social situations
that they're in
Clinical psychology - CORRECT ANSWER Unit of analysis tends to be on non normative behaviours
whereas with SP it is the opposite
Allport definition of social psychology - CORRECT ANSWER The discipline that seeks to understand how
thoughts, feelings and behaviours of individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied
presence of others
,Milgram Study - CORRECT ANSWER a series of social psychology experiments conducted by Yale
University psychologist Stanley Milgram, which measured the willingness of study participants to obey
an authority figure who instructed them to perform acts that conflicted with their personal conscience.
Results of Milgram Experiment - CORRECT ANSWER People tend to obey authority even when it causes
others pain
Hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWER An educated guess about the nature of the relationship between the
variables being tested
Non experimental approaches - CORRECT ANSWER scientists observe outcomes with other outcomes
without manipulating anything . They tell us whether there's an association/relationship among two or
more variables.
Archival research - CORRECT ANSWER Examining existing records of past events and draw associations
between variables
case study - CORRECT ANSWER Detailed examination of a single event or person
Survey research - CORRECT ANSWER Participants complete questionnaires
We look at differences between variables SA gender, age etc
observational study - CORRECT ANSWER Participants are observed in a naturalistic setting
naturalistic fallacy - CORRECT ANSWER The (mistaken) idea that anything "natural" must be "good."
because most people do it, it should be good
correlation coefficients (r) - CORRECT ANSWER Tells us about the relationship between two variables.
Ranges from (-1.0 to +1.0)
True or false - non experimental methods imply a causal relationship - CORRECT ANSWER False- might
but not necessarily. They imply a correlation
,reverse causality - CORRECT ANSWER the situation in which the apparent "cause" is actually the "effect"
Ex: Having more friends results in more self
Esteem? Or does having self esteem result in more friends?)
Or maybe it's bidirectional
Spuriousness - CORRECT ANSWER The independent and dependent variables are both effected by a
third variable
Experimental Approach - CORRECT ANSWER An approach in which the researcher assigns individuals to
two or more groups in a way that equates the characteristics of individuals in the groups, except for
variation in the groups' exposure to the independent variable
independent variable - CORRECT ANSWER The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable
whose effect is being studied.
dependent variable - CORRECT ANSWER The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response
to manipulations of the independent variable.
internal validity - CORRECT ANSWER extent to which we can draw cause-and-effect inferences from a
study
External validity - CORRECT ANSWER extent to which we can generalize findings to real-world settings
representative sample - CORRECT ANSWER randomly selected sample of subjects from a larger
population of subjects
Convenient sample - CORRECT ANSWER only surveying people who are easily accessible
Research Ethics - CORRECT ANSWER Standards of conduct that investigators are ethically bound to
honor to protect their research participants from physical or psychological harm.
Research Ethics (5) - CORRECT ANSWER protection from harm, informed consent, privacy, permission to
withdraw, debriefing (rationale for deception)
Factors that shape our sense of Self (2) - CORRECT ANSWER GxE
Three types of "selves" (3) - CORRECT ANSWER 1) Individual self "talents, tastes, individual qualities..."
2) Relational self "the quiet one in the friend group"
3) Collective self "Queen's student, Canadian..."
Possible Selves (Markus & Nurius, 1986) - CORRECT ANSWER Our concept of what we might be in the
future (near or more distant)
Desired and feared possible selves (both work to motivate you)
Function of desired/feared possible self - CORRECT ANSWER Motivation
Self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987) - CORRECT ANSWER 3 self perceptions
Acutal self
Ought self
Ideal self
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