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What was the first style of law enforcement in early America?
The Watch System
What were the 2 types of law enforcement that replaced the watch system?
Sheriff and Constable
Who is considered to be the father of modern law enforcement? Why?
Sir Robert Peele because he sponsored a bill creating the police force in London,
and introduced several innovative changes to the way law enforcement officers
performed their duties.
What were the innovative changes that Sir Robert Peele introduced to law
enforcement officers?
organized military rank structure, full time employment, guidelines for demeanor
and behavior
What were the three compelling issues that faced early American law enforcement
organizations?
,2|Pag e
- Should the officers be uniformed
- Should the officers carry firearms
- How much force could these officers use to carry out their duties
The first state police agencies were formed in rural America to do what?
control labor strikes and control the large population of immigrants in many small
towns
During the beginning of the 20th century, many police departments were
considered to be what? Why?
The enforcement arm of organized crime, because politicians in major cities were
not only controlling the majority of organized crime such as gambling, extortion,
prostitution, but were also the controlling body of law enforcement
What was a major factor in the increase of police corruption during the 1920's and
early 1930's?
Prohibition Act (1919-1933)
What was the publication that recommended changes suggested to improve police
professionalism?
O.W. Wilson's publication "Police Professionalism"
,3|Pag e
What were the changes suggested by O.W. Wilson's publication "Police
Professionalism" to improve police professionalism?
implement a military-style organization and discipline, for police organizations to
become efficient in achieving crime control, closer supervision of officers, foot
patrols to be replaced by motorized patrols, precinct houses to be consolidated,
more central police facilities constructed; and command functions to be centralized
in a HQ staff
How did police officers across the country respond to the new professionalizing of
police organizations in the mid-1960's?
forming of police labor unions to protect employee rights of police officers
What were new innovations introduced to law enforcment during the 1970's in an
effort to improve officer safety?
PR-24 Police Baton and soft body armor
What were the three concerns Community Policing was designed to resolve?
- improve relations between the police and community
- decentralize the police
- respond to overwhelming opinion that police presence had no impact on crime
What were the two major focused efforts of law enforcement in the 1990's?
, 4|Pag e
combat gun violence and increased concern for welfare of crime victims
What are the three new trends in fighting crime that have been introduced in the
21st century?
the implementation of technological advances, leadership and organizational
changes, and increased accountability and oversight of law enforcements agencies.
What program experienced a new focus in the 21st century as a result of the
Michael Brown and Freddie Gray incidents?
The Community Oriented Policing
List nine characteristics on which people are commonly stereotyped or treated
differently
1. race
2. ethnicity
3. nationality
4. income
5. English Language Abilities
6. Gender/ Sexual Orientation
7. Age
8. Religion
9. Profession
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