NURS 617 EXAM 2 NEWEST 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE QU
TIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fpc9yo
A direct result of anaerobic metabolism
b. metabolic acidosis
during hypoxic cell injury is:
Rationale: When oxygen is not available,
a. increased ATP
cells switch to anaerobic metabolism,
b. metabolic acidosis
which yields an acid called lactate, or
c. tissue ischemia
lactic acid.
d. all of the above.
Accumulation of which of the following
molecules results in irreversible cell in-
jury? a. Calcium
a. Calcium Rationale: The accumulation of calcium
b. Melanin causes irreversible mitochondrial injury.
c. Lipids
d. Water
Adaptive cellular mechanisms function
to:
a. speed up cellular death. d.protect cells from injury.
b. prevent cellular aging.
c. treat disease.
d. protect cells from injury.
An individual with damage to the spinal
cord may experience atrophy of which of
the following organs? a. Skeletal muscles
Rationale: Lack of nerve stimulation to
a. Skeletal muscles skeletal muscles results in muscle atro-
b. Skin phy.
c. Liver
d. Brain
Chronic infection of the cervix by the hu-
man papillomavirus results in cervical:
c. dysplasia.
Rationale: (Chronic infection or inflam-
a. hormonal hyperplasia.
mation is a common cause of cervical
b. atrophy.
dysplasia.)
c. dysplasia.
d. metaplasia.
, NURS 617 EXAM 2 NEWEST 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE QU
TIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fpc9yo
Ethanol (alcohol) causes cell injury by
c. Lipid accumulation in hepatocytes
which of the following mechanisms?
Rationale: Ethanol metabolism causes
a. Cellular dehydration
lipid accumulation in hepatocytes that
b. Intracellular sodium loss
decreases liver function and may result
c. Lipid accumulation in hepatocytes
in liver cirrhosis.
d. Hypoxic injury
In compensatory hyperplasia, growth
factors stimulate cell division in response
c. tissue loss.
to:
Rationale: In response to tissue loss, sur-
a. decreased hormonal stimulation.
rounding cells are stimulated to replace
b. ischemia.
the lost tissue.
c. tissue loss.
d. puberty.
In response to an increased workload,
such as that caused by high blood pres-
sure (hypertension), myocardial cells in b. hypertrophy.
the left ventricle will adapt through the
process of: Rationale: In response to the increased
workload of hypertension, myocardial
a. hyperplasia. cells will hypertrophy in order to pump
b. hypertrophy. harder.
c. atrophy.
d. dysplasia.
b. a decrease in protein synthesis.
Injury to the endoplasmic reticulum due
to hypoxic injury results in: Rationale: Ribosomes are the primary
site for protein synthesis. Hypoxic injury
a. sodium accumulation. and cellular swelling result in dilation of
b. a decrease in protein synthesis. the rough endoplasmic reticulum, caus-
c. the release of enzymes. ing the ribosomes to detach. Loss of the
d. lactic acid production. site for protein synthesis results in de-
creased protein production.
Lead poisoning affects nervous system
function by which of the following mech-
anisms?
, NURS 617 EXAM 2 NEWEST 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE QU
TIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fpc9yo
a. Lead blocks oxygen delivery to the
brain by binding with hemoglobin.
b. Lead interferes with neurotransmitter b. Lead interferes with neurotransmitter
release. release.
c. Lead inhibits fatty acid oxidation in the
brainstem.
d. Lead causes nervous tissue necrosis.
Lysosomal rupture during hypoxic injury
leads to: a. autodigestion of cells.
a. autodigestion of cells. Rationale: Lysosomal enzyme release
b. cellular acidosis. during hypoxic injury causes autodiges-
c. sodium influx. tion of cells.
d. cellular adaptation
Metaplasia involves the replacement of
normal cells by:
d.another type of cell.
a. cancer cells.
Rationale: Metaplasia is the replacement
b. scar tissue.
of normal cells by another type of cell.
c. abnormal cells of the same tissue type.
d. another type of cell.
Other than the liver, which of the follow-
ing organs is most frequently affected by
ethanol injury? d. Brain
a. Kidneys Rationale: Alcohol directly affects the
b. Heart cells in the liver and the brain.
c. Stomach
d. Brain
The major mechanism of injury in drown-
ing is:
a. hypoxemia. a. hypoxemia.
b. absorption of fluid from the lungs.
c. electrolyte imbalances.
d. free radical injury.
, NURS 617 EXAM 2 NEWEST 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE QU
TIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fpc9yo
The most common cause of hypoxic in-
d. ischemia.
jury is:
Rationale: Hypoxic injury results from a
a. chemical toxicity.
lack of oxygen. The most common cause
b. free radicals.
of this type of cell injury is ischemia, a
c. malnutrition.
decrease in blood flow to the tissue.
d. ischemia.
The process of muscle hypertrophy in-
c. protein synthesis.
volves an increase in:
Rationale: The process of muscle hy-
a. cell division.
pertrophy involves an increase in pro-
b. plasma membrane thickness.
tein synthesis to produce larger, stronger
c. protein synthesis.
muscle cells.
d. water accumulation.
Tissue ischemia and a decrease in mito-
chondrial oxygenation result in:
c. decreased ATP production.
a. cellular dehydration.
Rationale: A decrease in oxygen delivery
b. calcium accumulation outside the cell.
results in a decrease in ATP production.
c. decreased ATP production.
d. increased protein synthesis.
Vitamin E, vitamin C, and beta-carotene
b. antioxidants.
are molecules in food that act as:
Rationale: Vitamin E, vitamin C, and
a. receptor blockers.
beta-carotene are antioxidants that at-
b. antioxidants.
tract and neutralize unpaired electrons to
c. poisons.
protect against free radical injury.
d. free radicals.
Which of the following molecules is likely
to accumulate in any dead or dying tis- a. Calcium
sues?
Rationale: When calcium pumps fail due
a. Calcium to mitochondrial injury, calcium accumu-
b. Uric acid lates in the cytoplasm and contributes to
c. Melanin irreversible cellular injury and cell death.
d. Protein
TIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fpc9yo
A direct result of anaerobic metabolism
b. metabolic acidosis
during hypoxic cell injury is:
Rationale: When oxygen is not available,
a. increased ATP
cells switch to anaerobic metabolism,
b. metabolic acidosis
which yields an acid called lactate, or
c. tissue ischemia
lactic acid.
d. all of the above.
Accumulation of which of the following
molecules results in irreversible cell in-
jury? a. Calcium
a. Calcium Rationale: The accumulation of calcium
b. Melanin causes irreversible mitochondrial injury.
c. Lipids
d. Water
Adaptive cellular mechanisms function
to:
a. speed up cellular death. d.protect cells from injury.
b. prevent cellular aging.
c. treat disease.
d. protect cells from injury.
An individual with damage to the spinal
cord may experience atrophy of which of
the following organs? a. Skeletal muscles
Rationale: Lack of nerve stimulation to
a. Skeletal muscles skeletal muscles results in muscle atro-
b. Skin phy.
c. Liver
d. Brain
Chronic infection of the cervix by the hu-
man papillomavirus results in cervical:
c. dysplasia.
Rationale: (Chronic infection or inflam-
a. hormonal hyperplasia.
mation is a common cause of cervical
b. atrophy.
dysplasia.)
c. dysplasia.
d. metaplasia.
, NURS 617 EXAM 2 NEWEST 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE QU
TIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fpc9yo
Ethanol (alcohol) causes cell injury by
c. Lipid accumulation in hepatocytes
which of the following mechanisms?
Rationale: Ethanol metabolism causes
a. Cellular dehydration
lipid accumulation in hepatocytes that
b. Intracellular sodium loss
decreases liver function and may result
c. Lipid accumulation in hepatocytes
in liver cirrhosis.
d. Hypoxic injury
In compensatory hyperplasia, growth
factors stimulate cell division in response
c. tissue loss.
to:
Rationale: In response to tissue loss, sur-
a. decreased hormonal stimulation.
rounding cells are stimulated to replace
b. ischemia.
the lost tissue.
c. tissue loss.
d. puberty.
In response to an increased workload,
such as that caused by high blood pres-
sure (hypertension), myocardial cells in b. hypertrophy.
the left ventricle will adapt through the
process of: Rationale: In response to the increased
workload of hypertension, myocardial
a. hyperplasia. cells will hypertrophy in order to pump
b. hypertrophy. harder.
c. atrophy.
d. dysplasia.
b. a decrease in protein synthesis.
Injury to the endoplasmic reticulum due
to hypoxic injury results in: Rationale: Ribosomes are the primary
site for protein synthesis. Hypoxic injury
a. sodium accumulation. and cellular swelling result in dilation of
b. a decrease in protein synthesis. the rough endoplasmic reticulum, caus-
c. the release of enzymes. ing the ribosomes to detach. Loss of the
d. lactic acid production. site for protein synthesis results in de-
creased protein production.
Lead poisoning affects nervous system
function by which of the following mech-
anisms?
, NURS 617 EXAM 2 NEWEST 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE QU
TIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fpc9yo
a. Lead blocks oxygen delivery to the
brain by binding with hemoglobin.
b. Lead interferes with neurotransmitter b. Lead interferes with neurotransmitter
release. release.
c. Lead inhibits fatty acid oxidation in the
brainstem.
d. Lead causes nervous tissue necrosis.
Lysosomal rupture during hypoxic injury
leads to: a. autodigestion of cells.
a. autodigestion of cells. Rationale: Lysosomal enzyme release
b. cellular acidosis. during hypoxic injury causes autodiges-
c. sodium influx. tion of cells.
d. cellular adaptation
Metaplasia involves the replacement of
normal cells by:
d.another type of cell.
a. cancer cells.
Rationale: Metaplasia is the replacement
b. scar tissue.
of normal cells by another type of cell.
c. abnormal cells of the same tissue type.
d. another type of cell.
Other than the liver, which of the follow-
ing organs is most frequently affected by
ethanol injury? d. Brain
a. Kidneys Rationale: Alcohol directly affects the
b. Heart cells in the liver and the brain.
c. Stomach
d. Brain
The major mechanism of injury in drown-
ing is:
a. hypoxemia. a. hypoxemia.
b. absorption of fluid from the lungs.
c. electrolyte imbalances.
d. free radical injury.
, NURS 617 EXAM 2 NEWEST 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE QU
TIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fpc9yo
The most common cause of hypoxic in-
d. ischemia.
jury is:
Rationale: Hypoxic injury results from a
a. chemical toxicity.
lack of oxygen. The most common cause
b. free radicals.
of this type of cell injury is ischemia, a
c. malnutrition.
decrease in blood flow to the tissue.
d. ischemia.
The process of muscle hypertrophy in-
c. protein synthesis.
volves an increase in:
Rationale: The process of muscle hy-
a. cell division.
pertrophy involves an increase in pro-
b. plasma membrane thickness.
tein synthesis to produce larger, stronger
c. protein synthesis.
muscle cells.
d. water accumulation.
Tissue ischemia and a decrease in mito-
chondrial oxygenation result in:
c. decreased ATP production.
a. cellular dehydration.
Rationale: A decrease in oxygen delivery
b. calcium accumulation outside the cell.
results in a decrease in ATP production.
c. decreased ATP production.
d. increased protein synthesis.
Vitamin E, vitamin C, and beta-carotene
b. antioxidants.
are molecules in food that act as:
Rationale: Vitamin E, vitamin C, and
a. receptor blockers.
beta-carotene are antioxidants that at-
b. antioxidants.
tract and neutralize unpaired electrons to
c. poisons.
protect against free radical injury.
d. free radicals.
Which of the following molecules is likely
to accumulate in any dead or dying tis- a. Calcium
sues?
Rationale: When calcium pumps fail due
a. Calcium to mitochondrial injury, calcium accumu-
b. Uric acid lates in the cytoplasm and contributes to
c. Melanin irreversible cellular injury and cell death.
d. Protein
