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UTMB PHARM EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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UTMB PHARM EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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UTMB PHARM EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERSwhat is levodopa/carbidopa for? - Answers-PD; levoodopa increases dopamine
synthesis; carbidopa allows for more levodopa in CNS to be absorbed.
Combined (sinemet) can lead to abnormal movements and psych disturbances.
Dosage low and gradually increases (CNS drug has tolerance)
Avoid eating protein all at once because protein absorbs this med up
Monitor: CBC, ALT, AST, BUN, creatinine
Adverse effects: CV (orthostatic hypotension), dysrhythmias; psychosis (vivid dreams,
hallucinations, paranoia, use 2nd gen antipsych med clozapine); anxiety and agitation,
memory and cognitive impairment, dark sweat/urine; or drug interactions w/ drugs that
block dopamine receptors (MAOI can cause hypertensive crisis)
Dopamine receptor agonists MOA and what for? - Answers-MOA: mimic dopamine in
brain
for PD
Pramipexole (Mirapex) is a - Answers-a dopamine receptor agonist, use alone in early
PD and use combined with levodopa in advancing PD
Adverse effects:
Monotherapy (alone) - n/v, dizziness, daytime somnolence, insomnia, constipation,
weakness, hallucinations
Combined: orthostatic hypotension, dyskinesias or jerky movements, increase in
hallucinations
Carbamazepine (Tegretol) is for - Answers-Epilepsy
Bipolar disorder
Trigeminal and glossopharyngeal neuralgias
Adverse effects:
Nystagmus
Axtaxia
Leukopenia
Anemia
Thrombocytopenia
Valproic Acid (Depakene, Depakote, Depacon): - Answers-Suppress high-frequency
neuronal firing
Augment inhibitory influence of GABA
Phenobarbital: - Answers-Reduce seizures without causing sedation
A barbiturate
GABA
Sedation
Gabapentin: - Answers-Adjunctive therapy of partial seizures
, Neuropathic pain, etc.
Fewer drug interactions
Benzo use: - Answers-Anxiety
Insomnia
Seizures
Muscle spasm
Alcohol withdraw
Preop
Benzo-like drug: Zolpidem (Ambien) - Answers-Sedative-hypnotic, most widely used
hypnotic. Short term management for insomnia (hopefully patient not on long term)
Side effects of dizziness and daytime drowsiness
How do local anesthetics work? - Answers-Suppress pain by blocking sodium channels
and by blocking impulse conduction along axons only in neurons near site of
administration.
*Use with vasoconstriction: epinephrine decreases blood flow and prolongs the
anesthetic effects*
Adverse effects:
hypertension, palpitation, nervousness, tachycardia
Lidocaine (or xylocaine): - Answers-Most widely used local anesthetic
Also used for cardiac dysrhythmia
Topical or injection
Propofol is: - Answers-Most widely used IV anesthetic
Sedative; hypnotic
Adverse effects:
Resp. depression
Hypotension
Risk for inf.
Risk for abuse but no "high"
Sleep instantly and feel better waking up
Analgesics vs opioid - Answers-Analgesic relieve pain without causing the loss of
consciousness
Opioids are the most effective pain relievers available
Pure opioid agonist: - Answers-Activate mu receptors and kappa receptors
Can produce analgesia, euphoria, sedation, resp. dpression, constipation, etc.
Morphine is a strong or strong to moderate opioid agonist
Codeine is a moderate to strong opioid
Narcan is: - Answers-Pure opioid antagonist (antidote)
Antagonists at mu and kappa receptors
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