Vitamins & Minerals Study Guide Exam
And All Actual Answers.
fat soluble vitamins - Answer A, D, E, K
-insoluble in water, more stable, require bile for digestion, absorbed into lymph, stored in liver & adipose
tissue, needed in periodic doses, more likely to be toxic, absorption enhanced by fat
water soluble vitamins - Answer C & B complex
- absorbed into blood, excreted by the kidneys in urine, need in frequent small doses, less likely to be
toxic, less stable to air and light
vitamin A - Answer retinol- fully performed - fatty animal sources
beta carotene- precursor/provitamin- converts into Vit A after ingestion in liver, antioxidant - dark green,
leafy vegetables, deep orange vegetables/fruits
vitamin A functions - Answer vision, tissue strength, growth, immune function
vitamin A deficiencies - Answer night blindness, dry cornea (blindness), rough & dry skin, dry mucus
membranes, malabsorption, increased risk of infection, contributes to iron deficiency
possible toxicity- stored in liver
unstable to heat/air
vitamin D - Answer provided by sunlight naturally, necessary for calcium absorption - vitamin d fortified
milk & dairy products, enriched cereals and grains, liver, egg yolks, fatty fish, cod liver oil (1tsp=100%)
vitamin D functions - Answer absorption of calcium & phosphorus, bone & teeth mineralization, tumor
suppressant, blood pressure regulator, reduce risk of auto-immune diseases, may prevent seasonal
affective disorder
, vitamin D deficiencies - Answer bone pain and loss, rickets (bowing of legs in children), osteomalacia
(deficiency in adults)
-elderly, children, vegans, institutionalized at risk for deficiency
-requirement- 800 IU
vitamin E - Answer vegetable oils & nuts
- antioxidant & selenium metabolism
deficiency & toxicity rare
inhibits blood clotting action of vitamin K
vitamin K - Answer green leafy vegetables, synthesis in bowel
- blood clotting, bone development
newborns get injection, long term antibiotic use need supplement
sensitive to light
vitamin C - Answer citrus fruits, tomatoes, cabbage, leafy vegetables, berries, melons, broccoli,
potatoes
- tissue building, wound healing, metabolism - absorption of iron, antioxidant
deficiency- scurvy
requirement - 90mg/day
increased requirement for pregnancy/breast feeding, smokers, wound healing
oxidizes easily
