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EDF 6222 Final Exam Questions With 100%
Verified Answers
Psychophysical parallelism - answer✔While some methodological behaviorists accept that there
are mental states, they have ruled them completely out of consideration. This is not a new
concept and was once referred to as .
methodological - answer✔behaviorism might be thought of as a psychological version of logical
positivism or operationism.
introspection - answer✔Structuralism relied on , which looked inward to describe sensations,
images, and feelings
philosophy - answer✔"Behaviorism is not the science of human behavior; it is the of that
science" (Skinner, 1974. p.3).
parsimony - answer✔With , we look for the simplest explanation possible, not extensive
mentalistic explanations.
bias, evidence, replication - answer✔In order to be excellent stewards of science, as behavior
analysts, we can follow a few guidelines when gathering and evaluating evidence. This includes
reducing ___ by ensuring interobserver agreement, examining for actual ___(as opposed to
effects that could have produced changes without the intervention), ___ , and self-correction.
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evidence - answer✔Being scientifically skeptical means that until there is available, assumptions
should not be made.
science, lawful relations - answer✔"___ is more than the mere description of events as they
occur. It is an attempt to discover order, to show that certain events stand in ___ to other events
(Skinner, 1953, p.6)."
mentalistic, explanatory - answer✔In Pavlov's early research, he did not jump to conclusions to
suggest that the dog was "thinking" of food, and therefore salivating. Instead, he carefully
controlled conditions that allowed him to show that particular stimuli can "acquire" the ability to
elicit secretion. His careful analysis of the scientific method allowed him to avoid both ___ and
___ fictions
debilitating - answer✔The evolutionary explanation for reflexes indicates that they are for the
survival of the organism. However, we know all too well that sometimes responses can be
conditioned that serve no purpose - even add a __ purpose - to our complex lives.
conditioning, stimulus control, novel - answer✔Skinner (1953) informed us "Although the
process of __ greatly extends the scope of the eliciting stimulus, it does not bring all the behavior
of the organism within such __ "(p. 56). Conditioning can add numerous different eliciting
stimuli, but it will never fashion a __ response.
prediction, control, accessible - answer✔According to Skinner, contingencies of reinforcement
have an edge over contingencies of survival because contingencies of reinforcement "Have the
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edge with __ and __ and the conditions under which a species acquires behavior are relatively __
and can often be manipulated".
ontogeny - answer✔is the learned behaviors of a particular animal during its lifetime.
phylogeny - answer✔is behaviors that have been passed down over the lifetime of the entire
species.
chain, learned - answer✔It can be difficult to distinguish between ontogenetic and phylogenic
established behaviors. For a person viewing a complex __ for the first time, it may seem
mysterious. But each step of the chain can be traced back to the shaping process. Just because the
shaping process was not observed, it does not mean that it was not __ . However, when we view
a spider spin a web "no comparable history can be invoked" to determine the phylogenic
contingencies at work (Skinner, 1966, p.1208).
genes, environment, cause - answer✔Moore (2015) stated " __ predispose an individual's
susceptibility to influence from the __ (p. 27). We must be careful not to assert that genes "__ "
behavior; rather, they set up the physical basis for the processes and structures that participate in
behavior. Behavior still occurs in the context of the environment.
model - answer✔Imitative responses necessarily require the learner to orient toward the __ rather
than the topographical correspondence of their behavior with respect to the model.
discriminative control - answer✔The use of the mirror provides the additional feedback required
to receive __ of the model.
