HAPE Final Exam Study Guide.
Mitral Valve Prolapse - answer*systolic click*
caused by regurgitation of the mitral valve
squatting delays quick, standing brings it closer to S1
Mitral Valve Stenosis - answer*opening snap*
decrescendo and low-pitched rumble
Physiologic S3 - answernormal in chil...
Murmur Grading - answer✔1. faint, may not be heard in all positions
2. quiet, but heard immediately after placing stethoscope on chest
3. moderately loud
4. loud with palpable thrill
5. very loud, with thrill, may be heard with stethoscope slightly off skin
6. very loud, thrill, may be heard entirely off chest
Jugular Venous Pressure - answer✔measured best at right external jugular vein
hypovolemic patients need to lie flat to see neck veins
head elevated to 30 degrees
>3cm indicates JVD
Dyspnea - answer✔PE
spontaneous pneumothorax
anxiety
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