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BSNC 1000 - module 4-6 – questions with Answers
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BSNC 1000 - module 4-6 – questions withAnswers
Define perfusion - - blood flow and oxygen delivery to body tissues
- Perfusion is influenced by - - -volume of blood pumped from the heart
-radius of blood vessels
-viscosity of blood
-velocity of flow
-blood pressure
- impaired perfusion is exemplified by: - - -hypertension
-myocardial infarction
-heart failure
-shock
- how do you measure pulse pressure? - - systolic pressure - diastolic
pressure
- how do you measure BP? - - CO x peripheral vascular resistance
- how do you measure CO? - - stroke volume x HR
- how do you measure MAP? - - CO x TPR
- what major factors influence peripheral resistance - - -vessel radius ***
-blood viscosity - resistance to flow (higher viscosity, higher resistance)
- what is a sign? - - manifestation noted by observer
ie/ temperature, swelling
- what is a symptom? - - subjective, perceived by client
ie/ pain, difficulty breathing, dizziness
- what is an acute disorder? - - severe, but self limiting
- what is a chronic disease? - - long term, continuous or
exacerbations/remission
- what is subacute disease? - - between acute and chronic
, - what defines hypertension? - - -systolic BP > 140 mm/Hg
-diastolic BP > 90 mm/Hg
-imbalance between CO or TPR
- what is primary hypertension? - - cause is unknown but may be caused by:
-poor kidney function (fewer glomeruli where waste products)
-high dietary Na+
-lack of exercise
-smoking
-obesity
- what is secondary hypertension? - - -structure of blood vessels supplying
kidneys are altered
-tumors of glands that secrete hormones to raise BP
-atherosclerosis
- what happens to the kidneys with hypertension? - - nephrosclerosis (small,
rough, granular surface)
- what happens to the brain with hypertension? - - hemorrhagic stroke
- what happens to the eyes with hypertension? - - -retinopathy (retinal
arterioles change in structure)
-develop copper wire effect
-hemorrhages may occur in retina
-death of the light-sensing retinal cells
- what happens to the heart with hypertension? - - -aneurysm
-left ventricular hypertrophy
-atherosclerosis
- how do you recognize adequate perfusion? - - -orientation to
time/place/person/situation
-pulse rate between 60 & 100
-extremities warm
-capillary refill time
- primary prevention methods for hypertension - - heart healthy lifestyle
-healthy diet
-exercise most days of the week
-no smoking
- secondary prevention for hypertension - - BP screening
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