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ARDMS- ABDOMEN COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE WITH QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS ALREADY VERIFIED
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ARDMS- ABDOMEN COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE WITH QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS ALREADY VERIFIED
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ARDMS- ABDOMEN COMPLETE STUDYGUIDE WITH QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS ALREADY VERIFIED
4 ways to fix aliasing Correct Answer Increase PRF
Decrease transducer frequency
Move sample gate more shallow
Move baseline down
Hepatic vein waveform 'W' Correct Answer A - '𝗮' wave of atrial
contraction / ventricular diastole
S - ventricular 𝘀ystole (atria is relaxing)
V - tricuspid 𝘃alve opens
D - ventricular 𝗱iastole as well
True aneurysm vs Pseudoaneurysm Correct Answer True:
structural weakening of vessel wall —> results I'm bulging and
dilation
Pseudo: pulsatile hematoma that results from leakage of blood
into soft tissues after the vessel wall was punctured (from trauma,
operation/cath)
• there is a stalk/neck connecting this balloon of blood to the
actual vessel
• ⭐️𝘆𝗶𝗻-𝘆𝗮𝗻𝗴 sign with color Doppler (caused by back and forth
blood flow from 𝘀𝘆𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗹𝗲 & 𝗱𝗶𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗹𝗲)
The MPV measurement should be taken at... Correct Answer
Where the portal vein crosses the IVC
,Fibromuscular dysplasia Correct Answer Autoimmune
disorder/composition of the walls change — Hyperplasia of the
medial layer of the vessel wall
- primarily affects mid to distal large arteries (renal, carotid)
- "beaded" appearance
Atherosclerosis Correct Answer Formation of plaque within
vessel wall
- most common location : 𝗯𝗶𝗳𝘂𝗿𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀
- high risk factor for AAA
Abdominal Doppler Correct Answer 𝗔𝗼𝗿𝘁𝗮 𝗽𝗿𝗼𝘅 𝘁𝗼 𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗲𝘀
: HIGH-resistive, 𝟭𝟱𝟬-𝟭𝟳𝟱𝗰𝗺/𝘀, aging: velocity can decrease
𝗔𝗼𝗿𝘁𝗮 𝗱𝗶𝘀 𝘁𝗼 𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗲𝘀 : HIGH-resistive, 𝟭𝟬𝟬-𝟭𝟰𝟬𝗰𝗺/𝘀
𝗖𝗲𝗹𝗶𝗮𝗰 𝘁𝗿𝘂𝗻𝗸 : LOW-resistive, <𝟭𝟮𝟱𝗰𝗺/𝘀, abnormal = >200cm/s
𝗦𝗽𝗹𝗲𝗻𝗶𝗰 𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗲𝗿𝘆 : LOW-resistive, <𝟭𝟬𝟬𝗰𝗺/𝘀, abnormal = >200cm/s
𝗛𝗲𝗽𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗲𝗿𝘆 : LOW-resistive, <𝟮𝟬𝟬𝗰𝗺/𝘀, 𝗥𝗜 𝗶𝘀 𝟬.𝟱𝟱-𝟬.𝟴,
abnormal = >200cm/s
𝗦𝗠𝗔 : fasting is ‼️HIGH-resistive, post-prandial is ‼️LOW-resistive,
<𝟮𝟳𝟱𝗰𝗺/𝘀, abnormal = >275cm/s, pathology is Mesenteric
Ischemia
𝗥𝗲𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗲𝘀 : LOW-resistive, <𝟭𝟴𝟬𝗰𝗺/𝘀, RI is <0.7, 𝗥𝗔𝗥 𝗶𝘀
<𝟯.𝟱, variants (accessory renal A, branching into Segmental A
prior to renal hilum), abnormal = >3.5 RAR, pathology is
Fibromuscular Dysplasia
𝗜𝗻𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗲𝘀 : LOW-resistive, RI is <0.7
𝗜𝗠𝗔 : HIGH-resistive, 𝟳𝟬-𝟮𝟬𝟬𝗰𝗺/𝘀,
𝗣𝗼𝗿𝘁𝗮𝗹 𝘃𝗲𝗶𝗻 : Hepatopetal & continuous flow, 𝟮𝟬-𝟰𝟬𝗰𝗺/𝘀, affected
by respiration, pathology is portal hypertension, thrombosis that
leads to Portal Cavernous Transformation
𝗜𝗩𝗖: Phasic flow, affected by respiration, with presence of
obstruction the IVC loses is phasicity and results in a monophasic
waveform
,𝗛𝗲𝗽𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝘃𝗲𝗶𝗻 : "flying W sign" triphasic waveform, determined by
pressure of right atrium, pathology is Budd-Chiari syndrome, right-
sided heart overload/AKA passive liver congestion
Formula for RI (resistive index) Correct Answer PSV - EDV / PSV
(mean)
Most common pathophysiology for AAA Correct Answer
Atherosclerosis
The gonadal arteries arise from the Correct Answer Anterior
aspected of aorta
Budd-Chiari syndrome Correct Answer thrombosis of hepatic
veins
- ‼️associated with 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗻𝗶𝘁𝗮𝗹 𝘄𝗲𝗯𝗯𝗶𝗻𝗴 (fibrous bands form
causing obstruction), 𝗰𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗶𝗻𝗼𝗺𝗮 𝘁𝘂𝗺𝗼𝗿 𝘁𝗵𝗿𝗼𝗺𝗯𝘂𝘀, and 𝗼𝗿𝗮𝗹
𝗰𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗰𝗲𝗽𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲 𝘂𝘀𝗲
IVC diameter does not normally exceed Correct Answer 2.5cm
IVC thrombosis thrombosis waveform appears as Correct Answer
Continuous or lack of phasicity
Formula for RAR Correct Answer highest renal PSV / highest
aorta PSV (‼️@ level of renal arteries - per review book)
Aortic ECTASIA Correct Answer Widening of the aorta - typically
due to age
- ⭐️velocity DECREASES (because there's more room for blood
flow)
Tardus Parvus waveform/Monophasic = look Correct Answer
PROXIMAL
, Decreased diastolic flow = look Correct Answer DISTAL
Resistant/Systemic Hypertension vs Portal Hypertension Correct
Answer 𝗦𝘆𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗺𝗶𝗰: Hypertension due to something (not portal)
that does not improve with treatment
- ‼️causes: obesity (because the heart works harder), renal artery
stenosis, HYPERthyroidism/Grave's disease, adrenal gland
(Pheochromocytoma), midaortic syndrome
𝗣𝗼𝗿𝘁𝗮𝗹: increased pressure/velocity solely within the portal system
Pheochromocytoma Correct Answer a benign tumor of the
𝗮𝗱𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗴𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗱/medulla that causes the gland to produce excess
𝗲𝗽𝗶𝗻𝗲𝗽𝗵𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗲
‼️"10% tumor" consisting of 𝗰𝗵𝗿𝗼𝗺𝗮𝗳𝗳𝗶𝗻 𝗰𝗲𝗹𝗹𝘀
Hypersecretion of epi/norepi. persistent HTN, increased HR,
hyperglycemia, diaphoresis, tremor, pounding HA; avoid stress,
frequent bathing and rest breaks, avoid cold and stimulating foods
(surgery to remove tumor)
Neuroblastoma Correct Answer Highly MALIGNANT tumor of
adrenals in 𝗰𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗱𝗿𝗲𝗻
‼️Ovarian veins Correct Answer Originate at ovaries —> LOV
terminates into left renal vein & ROV terminates directly into IVC
- if Nutcracker syndrome —> Varicoceles (males) or Pelvic
congestion (females) **because the left renal vein & left
ovarian/gonadal vein become dilated
‼️May-Thurner syndrome Correct Answer Compression of LEFT
iliac vein by a nearby artery
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