What are the 5 steps of the nursing process? - answer-assessment, nursing diagnosis, planning, implementation, evaluation
Generic or Trade?
Nonproprietary, not capitalized, suffixes, only 1 name - answer-Generic
Generic or Trade?
Proprietary, capitalized, marketing name, multiple name...
What are the 4 parts of the pharmacokinetics processes? - answer-Absorption,
distribution, metabolism, excretion
Half life - answer-length of time required for half of the medication to leave the
body
Is it better to have a narrow or wide therapeutic range? - answer-Wide
Therapeutic index - answer-the ratio between the toxic and therapeutic
concentrations of a drug
drug-drug interactions - answer-when one drug changes the way another drug
affects the body
Minimizing Adverse Drug-Drug Interactions - answer-Minimize number of drugs a
patient receives.
Take a thorough drug history.
Be aware of the possibility of illicit drug use.
Adjust the dosage when metabolizing inducers are added or deleted.
Adjust the timing of administration to minimize interference with absorption.
Monitor for early signs of toxicity.
Be especially vigilant when patient is taking a drug with a low therapeutic index.
Adverse Reactions - answer-undesirable drug effect
Side effect - answer-the secondary effect of a drug that is unintended
Toxicity - answer-adverse drug reaction caused by excessive dosing
Allergic reaction - answer-immune response caused by hypersensitivity not dosage
Idiosyncratic effect - answer-an uncommon drug response resulting from a genetic
predisposition
, Paradoxical effect - answer-the opposite of the intended drug response
Iatrogenic disease - answer-condition caused by medical treatment
Physical dependence - answer-a physiological need for a drug, marked by
unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued
Cacinogenic effect - answer-cancer causing
Teratogenic - answer-ability to cause birth defects or fetal death
Hepatotoxicity - answer-damage to the liver by a toxic substance
Nephrotoxicity - answer-damage to the kidneys by a toxic substance
QT interval - answer-can cause irregular heart rate
How does age influence medication response? - answer-Aging can cause decreased
kidney and liver function which affects absorption
How does tolerance influence medication response? - answer-Decreased
effectiveness because of prolonged use
How does body weight/composition influence medication response? - answer-can
affect absorption, metabolism, and adverse reactions
FDA pregnancy risk categories - answer-A: remote risk of fetal harm
B: slightly more risk than A
C: greater risk than B; animal studies show risk of fetal harm, no studies have been
done in women
D: proven risk of fetal harm
X: proven risk of fetal harm--definite risk of fetal abnormality
Pharmacokinetic changes in older adults - answer-decreased renal function, more
likely to have adverse reactions, lower BMI, more likely to be dehydrated, fattier
What drugs are used for muscle spasms and pain - answer-baclofen, dantrolene,
and cyclobenzaprine
cyclobenzaprine (therapeutic use) - answer-Central acting skeletal muscle relaxant
(short term local effect)
Drugs for muscle spasm and pain (adverse effects) - answer-Drowsiness, Dizziness,
Weakness, Fatigue, Confusion, Headache, Insomnia, Nausea, Constipation, Urinary
frequency
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