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Summary Test Bank for Burton’s Microbiology for the Health Sciences, 11th Edition by Engelkirk Bacterial Morphology and Cell Structure Handouts$15.49
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Test Bank for Burton’s Microbiology for the Health
Sciences, 11th Edition by Engelkirk
Bacterial Morphology and Cell Structure Handouts
Bacterial Morphology and Cell Structure
PROKARYOTIC vs EUKARYOTIC
BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY
BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY: ARRANGEMENT
1. Rod or Bacilli
a. Streptobacilli
b. Bacilli
2. Cocci
a. Cocci
b. Diplococci ( e.g. Neisseria meningitidis)
c. Streptococci ( e.g. Streptococcus pyogenes)
d. Staphylococci (e.g. Staphylococcus aureus)
e. Sarcina
f. tetrads (Micrococcus species)
BACTERIAL SHAPES, ARRANGEMENTS AND SIZES
Variety in shape, size, and arrangement but typically described by one of three basic shapes:
coccus - spherical bacillus – rod coccobacillus – very short and plump ( Brucella abortus)
Streptobacilli ( Bacillus subtilus) diplobacilli spirillum - helical, comma, twisted rod, spirochete
– spring-like- flexible ( Treponema pallidum) vibrio – gently curved ( Vibrio cholera)
Spirilla- rigid ( Borrelia species)
Pleomorphic : variable in shape ( Corynebacterium)
BACTERIAL SHAPES, ARRANGEMENTS AND SIZES
,Arrangement of cells is dependent on pattern of division and how cells remain attached after
division: cocci: singles diplococci – in pairs tetrads – groups of four irregular clusters chains
cubical packets
bacilli:
chains palisades
A. MORPHOLOGY
1. COCCI
A. MORPHOLOGY
2. BACILLI
A. MORPHOLOGY 3. SPIROCHETES
helical
Relaxed-coil
Tightly coil
Relaxed-coil-Borrelia specie
Tightly coil-Treponema sp
BACTERIAL CELL STRUCTURE
Cell Envelope
The outermost structure of bacterial cell.
It is composed of an outer membrane (Gram negative bacteria), cell wall, periplasm (Gram
negative bacteria) and plasma membrane
Cell Wall
Referred as the peptidoglycan or murein layer rigid structure that maintains the shape of the cell.
Composed of disaccharide-pentapeptide subunits and teichoic acid or liopoteichoic acid
Its synthesis and structure have been the primary target of antimicrobial agents.
Functions:
Prevents bacterial cells from rupturing
Point of anchorage for flagella
, Determine staining characteristics of species.
A. Gram Positive Cell Wall
Type of Cell Wall
Composed of a very thick protective peptidoglycan (murein layer).
Consist of glycan chains of alternating N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (NAG) and N-acetyl-D-muramic
(NAM) acid
It contains a negatively charged teichoic acid and contributes to the charge of the cell wall.
Prime target of antibiotics: penicillin
B. Gram Negative Cell Wall
Type of Cell Wall
Outer membrane: is composed of proteins, phospholipids and lipopolysaccharides (LPS)
Inner membrane: thin peptidoglycan (high susceptibility to mechanical breakage)
It has porins à permeability of the cell wall
Contains periplasmic space
Does NOT contain teichoic acid.
3. Acid-fast cell wall
Type of Cell Wall
Has Gram-positive cell wall structure
It also contain waxy layer of glycolipids and fatty acids (mycolic acid) that is bound to the
exterior of cell wall.
Example: Mycobacterium and Nocardia
4. Absence of a cell wall
Type of Cell Wall
Do not have a cell wall contains sterols in their cell membrane
Examples: Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma
PLASMA MEMBRANE
Deepest layer of the cell envelope and the internal matrix of the cell
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