Method - ANS how you conduct the research--you choose this depending on you research study; usually logical, orderly, systematic
Methodology - ANS the study of research methods--study and analysis of research methods; not synonymous to method
Quantitative Research - ANS ...
Method - ANS how you conduct the research--you choose this depending on you research
study; usually logical, orderly, systematic
Methodology - ANS the study of research methods--study and analysis of research
methods; not synonymous to method
Quantitative Research - ANS - quantifies and generalizes results
- large # of participants
- structured and controlled
- results are presented using statistics
Goals of Quantitative Research - ANS - to describe in terms of numbers and percentages
- to analyze the relationship between variables
- to predict other variables
Conceptualize - ANS - process by which researchers define what they are attempting to
study as precisely as possible
- expresses and abstract idea (religion, happiness, sex)
- these abstract ideas cannot be directly observed
- ex: what do you mean by religious? How do you measure happiness?
Operationalize - ANS - to define the construct (variable) with respect to the manner in
which we will study it
- allows us to indirectly study the variable
- depends on the situation we are studying
- finding a way to measure the concept
- how we measure the concept that interests us
True or false (answer is true) - ANS variables are classified in terms of their relationship
with one another
Independent Variable - ANS - cannot be changed by other variables but itself
- stands alone
- thought to influence another variable
- values are under experimental control
- presumed cause is an experimental control/study
- ex: age, race, gender, number of days/months
- ex: A scientist studies the impact of a drug on cancer
, * Independent: administration of a the drug; dosage
Dependent Variable - ANS - something that depends on other factors
- what the researcher wishes to explain
- result from the independent variables
- ex: someones test score
-how much did you study?
- how much did you sleep the night before?
True or false (answer is true) - ANS independent variable causes change in the dependent
variable
Cofounding Variables - ANS - something that interferes with or obscures the relationship
between the variables
Intervening Variables - ANS - usually a dependent variable to the original independent
variable
- mediating variables that operate between the independent and dependent variables
- most of the time it a dependent variable to the original indpendent variable
- ex: poor test scores because:
you did not read the book
you did not sleep
you missed the first 20 minutes of the exam
IV------?-------DV
Reliability - ANS - research concern
- occurs when a study is repeated and arrives at the same results as the original study
- Extent to which results will be consistent, or replicable, if the research is conducted a number
of times
- if repeating the research results in different findings, then there is a lack of this
Validity - ANS - research concern
- Extent to which research project measures what it is intended, or purports, to measure
- questions whether the research really studied what it proposed to study
Internal Validity - ANS - applies to the study itself; within itself
- problems: people lie about certain personal questions, people refuse to respond
External Validity - ANS - validity of generalized statements based on limited research
studies, or implying that one variable caused another to vary when such conclusions are
unwarranted
- problems: attracting the wrong participants for the study (volunteers instead of permanent
employees)
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