Quasiexperimental study
What is it? When do you use it? - ANS -there is no comparison group or subjects are not randomly assigned to groups. Researcher uses existing intact groups got the experimental and comparison groups.
-real world is more closely approximated, but not as much control...
Quasiexperimental study
What is it? When do you use it? - ANS -there is no comparison group or subjects are not
randomly assigned to groups. Researcher uses existing intact groups got the experimental and
comparison groups.
-real world is more closely approximated, but not as much control as true experimental
Experimental
What is it? When do you use it? - ANS concerned w cause and effect relationships--when
one thing or event makes some other thing or event happen
-ie obesity is an effect of overeating
-all experimentl studies involve manipulation or control of the independent variable and
measurement of the dependent variable
-difficult to apply when c0nducted with human beings
Solomon four group
What is it? When do you use it? - ANS TRUE Experimental design
-subjects randomly assigned to one of four groups--two experimental, two comparison
-exp 1 and comparison 1 recieve pretest
-experimental 1 and 2 group recieve tx and two other groups recieve routine or no tx
-post test given to all groups
MOST PRESTIGIOUS DESIGN
- minimizes threats to internal and external validity
-diffs between groups can be associated w experimental tx
requires a large sample and statistical analysis is complicated
Post test only control group
What is it? When do you use it? - ANS TRUE Experimental design
-subjects randomly assigned to groups
-experiment group recieves experimental tx and comparison group recieves routine tx or no tx
-post test given to both groups
-easier to carryout and elimates the reactive effects of pretest on posttest
One group pretest-posttest design
What is it? When do you use it? - ANS Pre-experimental design: very weak experimental
design with little control over research
-provides a comparison between group of subjects before and after tx.
, -ie group of patients w diabetes given pretest of knowledge of diabetes. This group attends
diabetic education clas and posttested
-threats to internal validity include history, maturation, testing, instrument change
Nonequivalent control group design
What is it? When do you use it? - ANS Quasiexperimental design
-no random assignment to groups, pretest given to both groups. experimental group recieves
experimental tx and comparison group recieves routine or no tx. Posttest given to both groups
-only threat to internal validity is selection bias bc no randomization
Threats to internal validity - ANS Internal validity concerns the degree to which changes in
the dependent variable can be attributed to independent variable.
Factors other than the independent variable that influence the dependent variable. These a
factors constitute rival explanations of rival explanations or competing hypotheses that may
explain study results.
Selection bias
History
Maturation
Testing
Instrumental change
Mortality
Survey - ANS nonexperimental
-self report data collected from samples w purpose of describing populations on some variable
of interest.
-usually asks subjects to report attitudes, opinions, perceptions, behaviors.
-able to provide accurate info on populations w small samples. Can gather alot of data w
minimal cost
-can be unreliable bc may respond w socially acceptable responses
Retrospective
aka ex post facto - ANS -examine an effect
-look back in time to determine cause
-variations in independent variations are studied after variations have occurred rather than time
of occurrence
Secondary analysis - ANS nonexperimental
-data analyzed that were gathered in previous study in which may test new hypotheses or ask
new research questions
-effeicient and economical
Prospective - ANS -independent variable or presumed cause (high cholesterol) is identified
at present time and subjects are followed in future to observe dependent variable (incidence of
CAD)
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