Bio286 Terminologies Latest Update Graded A+
Life History - Answers Pattern of how organisms allocate time and energy among the various activities throughout its life that affect survival, maturation, and reproduction
Life History Traits - Answers Longevity, growth rate, age at sexual maturatio...
Life History - Answers Pattern of how organisms allocate time and energy among the various activities
throughout its life that affect survival, maturation, and reproduction
Life History Traits - Answers Longevity, growth rate, age at sexual maturation, age at first reproduction,
number of reproductive bouts per lifetime, number of offspring per reproductive bout
Ecdysis - Answers periodic shedding of the cuticle in arthropods or the outer skin in reptiles (cicadas in
lecture example)
Subimago - Answers A life stage of certain insects that is NOT sexually mature, comes before the imago
stage.
Imago - Answers Sexually mature version certain insects molt into after the subimago stage; Imagos
don't have well-developed mouthparts, so their main goal is to breed before they die.
Iteroparous - Answers Species that reproduce multiple times during their lives (ex: humans, dogs, frogs,
etc)
Semelparous - Answers Species that reproduce only once in their life, but may produce MANY offspring
during that one time (ex: mayflies, tussock moths)
Iteroparity - Answers A survivorship pattern related to reproductive patterns; often typical of organisms
whose survival chances increase once they reach maturity (type 1 or 2 survivorship, but iteroparous
organisms may have type 3 survivorship curves as well)
Semelparity - Answers A survivorship pattern related to reproductive patterns; often typical of
organisms with type 3 survivorship (high early life stage mortality), including many fish, insects, all
annual plants, etc
Phylogeny - Answers a synonym for 'evolutionary tree,' a hypothesized diagram showing the history of
divergence and change from single ancestral lineage to its descendants,
Parsimony - Answers used when constructing evolutionary trees; choice among alternatives that require
fewest number of evolutionary changes; the least complex explanation to explain data. Also explains
relationships among organisms: similarities and differences (appearance, function, DNA, proteins), tips
of branches (different species), and common ancestors (branch points)
Homologous characters - Answers those that are similar in different organisms because they were
derived from a common ancestor. Ex: vertebrate forelimbs
Analogous characters - Answers traits that serve a similar function but have separate evolutionary
origins, a result of convergent evolution. Ex: bird and bat wings.
, Convergent evolution - Answers similarity between species in certain traits that is caused by similar, but
evolutionary independent, responses to common environmental problems.
Homoplasy - Answers similarity in the characters found in different species NOT inherited from a
common ancestor. Ex: cacti and euphorbs
Parallel evolution - Answers similar phenotypes arise form similar developmental origins in different
species. Ex: attachment organs in larval stages of blind cave fish
Taxon (taxa) - Answers any group of species that we designate or name (like vertebrates)
Clade - Answers a taxon that consists of all the descendants of a common ancestor
Vertebrate clade - Answers having an embryo that develops within an amnion (an adaptation to laying
eggs on land) includes reptiles, birds, and mammals
General events leading to speciation - Answers populations become isolated physically, beahviorally,
etc; populations diverging in 1+ traits (mating behavior, etc); reproductive isolation
Why do rates of speciation vary? - Answers habitat specialization, diet specialization, changes in ploidy
Ploidy - Answers an organism doubling their own chromosome number or being fertilized by another
species and then doubling chromosome number
2 commonly recognized modes of speciation - Answers Allopatric and Sympatric
Allopatric Speciation - Answers among populations with discontinuous distributions; dispersal,
peripatric, and vicariance
Allopatric dispersal - Answers new populations established in area and subjected to unique selective
pressures
Peripatric - Answers small isolated population drifts to become reproductively isolated
Vicariance - Answers existing populations divided by physical barriers, ex: snapping shrimp in Panama
Sympatric Speciation - Answers among populations with overlapping distributions; reproductive
isolation must occur without geographic isolation
Migration - Answers Physical movement from one area to another and back again; allows organisms to
track resources and habitat quality; carries risks of predation and starvation; may be under genetic
control (like Monarch butterflies)
Dispersal - Answers The one-way movement of an individual from the natal area; results in gene flow if
dispersers breed in new habitat; introduces mortality risk associated with movement
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