CTRI Exam – Questions And Answers (Guaranteed
Pass!)
ADHD characteristics Right Ans - 1. primarily inattentive type: diff
maintaining focus, daydreaming, miss directions or forget things
2. primarily hyperactive-impulsive type: constantly moving and make
impulsive choices without thinking of consequences, seem impatient, easily
frustrated or interrupt others
3. mixed type: inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity
Other diagnoses that can display inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity
Right Ans - sensory processing disorder or autism spectrum disorder,
learning/intellectual disabilities
Cerebral palsy characteristics Right Ans - motor disability resulting from
brain damage before, during or shortly after birth
- results in atypical muscle tone
- hemiplegic CP = one side of body
- diplegic CP = involves legs more than arms
- quadriplegic CP = all four limbs
- truck is involved to some extent in all forms of CP
- some will exhibit involuntary movements (dyskinetic or athetoid CP) and
muscle tone may fluctuate from low to high
- CP itself results in motor needs only but many have additional needs in areas
such as sensory processing, vision, hearing, seizures, communication or
cognitive functioning
- at risk for scoliosis and other atypical spinal curvatures
CP rider and horse considerations Right Ans - select horse whose
movement does not worsen spasticity
- narrow horse for riders with tight adductors (inner thigh muscles)
- increase mounted warm up time to allow muscles to stretch and relax for
riders with spasticity
- allow rider time to plan, coordinate and execute motor movements
- best to provide rider opportunity to do things more independently
- trotting may be contradicted is have decreased trunk control, decreased
head control or if trotting has a negative impact on the riders muscle tone or
alignment
, - monitor rider for fatigue
sensory processing disorder characteristics Right Ans - aka sensory
integration dysfunction
- unexpected responses to touch, movement, textures, sounds or smells
- extreme response to having feet off the ground
- self stimulatory behavior
- decreased muscle tone
- hyperactivity or very low activity level
- motor incoordination or difficulties with motor planning
- difficulty managing emotions
Aggression/abusive behavior Right Ans - - be proactive by setting ground
rules and make sure everyone knows consequences of inappropriate behavior
- follow thru with consequences without becoming emotional (be firm without
being angry)
- end lesson if rider is intentionally abusive to horse
- teach empathy for the horse
Emotional instability Right Ans - - anticipate mood changes and re-direct
- provide a quiet place for self-calming
Frustration or low self-esteem Right Ans - - provide appropriate challenges
- create success
- listen carefully
- teach problem solving techniques
Impulsivity Right Ans - - maintain close supervision at all times
- review safety measures when working with horses
- train volunters appropriately
- chose an appropriate, tolerant horse
- increases lesson structure with clear expectations and a faster pace of
activities
Manipulative or negative attention-seeking behavior Right Ans - - offer
controlled choices ("would you like to sit the trot or post?")
- allow independent riding when possible so the horse may provide
immediate cause-effect learning
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