CMY3702 Exam Solution Manual Rated A+
Identify the missing word 1n the following definition of conservation crime "any intentional or negligent human activity or................. that impacts negatively on the earth's biotic and/or abiotic natural resources" - Answers manipulation
The following e...
Identify the missing word 1n the following definition of conservation crime "any intentional or negligent
human activity or................. that impacts negatively on the earth's biotic and/or abiotic natural
resources" - Answers manipulation
The following excerpt "individuals are able to avoid moral blame and maintain their self-esteem while
violating the law if they tell themselves and others that they had no criminal intent or that their
behaviour was justified" applies to which of the following theories? - Answers Sykes and Matza's
Neutralisation theory
White-collar crime belongs to which of the following classifications or typologies? - Answers Carey's
classification
Which one of the following can be regarded as unique characteristics of South African organised crime?
- Answers It is frequently associated with loose shifting coalitions
Identify the correct statement with regard to air pollution - Answers Air pollution is of greater
immediate concern than any other type of pollution
The following excerpt "Without effective deterrents, profitable conservation crime will remain an
attractive proposition and will continue to attract and encourage exploitation", relates to - Answers
conservation injunctions
The South African Police Service places commercial crime into one of the following categories - Answers
other serious crime
Prostitution is most commonly associated with organised crime in relation to the following category of
behaviour - Answers provision of illicit services
One of the following types of pollution can be regarded as one of the greatest threats to South Africa's
marine and contiguous coastal biota - Answers 0il pollution
Indicate a specific source of water pollution that can give rise to a process known as eutrophication -
Answers agricultural waste
Insert the missing words m Ghck's (1995) definition of organised crime "Organised crime is a continuing,
structured collectivity of persons who utilise criminality, and a willingness to in order to gain and
maintain power and profit " - Answers violence, corrupt
Contact crime frequently impacts on victims in one of the following ways - Answers Psychological
trauma which may be of a permanent nature
The following excerpt "Lack of public censure for conservation crimes has no doubt contributed
considerably to the perpetuation of such crime and criminality" relates to one of the following - Answers
availability of natural resources
,Which form of pollution involves the discarding of materials such as medical waste, ash, tins and
garbage? - Answers solid and hazardous waste pollution
Which of the following can be regarded as characteristics of organised crime? - Answers organisational
continuity
Which of the following qualify as reasons for classifying crime? - Answers To develop a data record of
types of crimes
Which criminological theory can effectively be used to explain the motivational and contributory Which
criminological theory can effectively be used to explain the motivational and contributory - Answers
Cohen and Felson's Routine Activities theory
Conservation crime can be divided into two principal components - Answers biotic and abiotic natural
resources
Which factor has contributed most significantly to the internationalisation of organised crime? - Answers
globalisation
Name the crime category in which the Department of Correctional Services places kidnappers and
arsonists - Answers aggressive crimes
The following excerpt "People learn albeit incorrectly, in their particular communities that animals and
plants are less significant than humans, that they are essentially unspoken for, inexhaustible and there
to be manipulated at will" refers to which theory? - Answers Bandura's Social Learning theory
Which one of the following can be considered a limitation of the law enforcement approach? - Answers
It has no extra-legal sanctions to deal with the competition
In relation to organised crime, identify the factors that have made South Africa increasingly attractive for
drug syndicates - Answers Serious unemployment and high cost of having
"The Constitutional Court 1n South Africa guarantees people's basic rights and freedom " It relates to -
Answers governing policy
Illegal trade refers to the - Answers Inclusion of endangered species
Environmental criminology 1s currently the most commonly used term to describe criminality directed
at the natural environment Why Is It NOT regarded as an adequate expression denoting natural
resource crime and criminality? - Answers The term "environmental" within criminology refers to
studies of place and spatial patterning of crime
With regard to the extent and nature of organised crime 1n South Africa, identify the correct statement
- Answers The drug trade In South Africa Is connected to vehicle theft and money laundering In Zambia
Bribing politicians or political parties In order to secure lucrative contracts abroad Is an example of
which type of crime? - Answers corporate crime
,Which of the following can be regarded as strategies to prevent and control illegal trading In
endangered species? - Answers Educational and awareness programmes and Interagency cooperation
With regard to the Russian "Mafia" identify the correct statement - Answers Russian organised crime
threatens democrat1sat1on
To which theoretical explanation of organised criminal behaviour does the following statement relate
"Policies stemming from this approach dictate dealing harshly and quickly with offenders In an effort to
deter them from making such choices again"? - Answers rational choice theory
With regard to Sutherland's approach to white-collar crime identify the missing words In the following
excerpt "Sutherland questioned those theories that focused exclusively on criminal actIv1tIes among the
socioeconomIc classes while ignoring offences committed by the more classes " - Answers lower,
privileged
In the context of the theoretical explanation of white-collar crime, Machiavelism refers to which of the
following statements - Answers The manipulation of others for personal gam
Anomie and relative deprivation are examples of which theoretical explanation of organised criminal
behaviour? - Answers social disorganisation theories
An employee that sells his/her organisation's confidential information to another company 1s an
example of which type of crime? - Answers occupational cnme
Which of the following could be an indicatton that employees are commiting crime? - Answers
Overspending on stock to Justify excessive expenses
To which organised crime tackling strategy does the following statement relate to "The criminal Justice
systems of individual states tackle organised crime acting alone"? - Answers international conventions
In the context of combating organised crime, 1dent1fy the correct statement which 1s related to law
enforcement - Answers Research has shown that there 1s a considerable entrepreneurial trading
between detectives and criminal groups which can lead to corruption
What can be regarded as the main reason for employees stealing from their employer? - Answers
perceived unfairness
The excerpt "International cooperation between police services 1s problematic as 1t touches on
sovereignty and territoriality" relates to - Answers inadequate law enforcement and leg1slat1
The following excerpt represents a spec1f1c theory "The inability to interact successfully with people at
an early age 1s earned into adulthood" - Answers psychological traits and criminality theory
Why are the Japanese Yakuza (mafia) NOT described as shadowy underworld figures? - Answers Their
affiliations are proudly displayed on insignia worn on clothes
, Which of the following statements relate to features that are evident 1n the definitions of victimless
crimes? - Answers Emphasis is on the individual freedom of choice
How many tons of toxic waste are discharged mostly by developed countries each year? - Answers 500
m11l1on tons
Identify the correct statement with regard to the definitional complexities of conservation crime from
the following statements - Answers Indeterminate terminologies have undermined the del1neat1on of
clear and unambiguous parameters
In the context of victimless crime which type of prostitute seeks clients at truck stops and rest areas? -
Answers circuit travellers
Which of the following factors contribute to the incidence of organised crime In South Africa? - Answers
corruption of border police and immigration officials
Identity the correct statement with regard to the prevention of conservation crime - Answers The
overabundance of natural resource related leg1slat1on needs to be separated
Which one of the following Is a major factor leading to the creation of organised crime syndicates 1n
Africa? - Answers polit1cal corruption
Which of the following Is related to public order crimes and differs from country to country? - Answers
Moral laws, codes and standards
Choose the correct .......... answer may be regarded as the primary objective of organised crime -
Answers Economic gain
Identify which combination of existing theories can explain conservation crime - Answers Rational
choice, social learning, general theory of crime, neutralisation
Which one of the following Is not an example of white-collar crime? - Answers African organised crime
Crime class1f1cat1on refers to one of the following options - Answers The partition or arrangement of
crime data into segments representative of legal definitions of criminal acts, according to recorded
crime statIstIcs
Why Is the use of the term "public order crimes" preferred against the use of the word "victimless
crime"? - Answers Secondary victims are involved
Around which one of the following does the core syndicate activity m Africa revolve? - Answers Black
market business crimes
Which one of the following crimes falls into the category of crime Sutherland had in mind when he
defined white-collar crime? - Answers Corporate crime
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