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VBMS 250 EXAM STUDY GUIDE
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VBMS 250 EXAM STUDY GUIDE ...
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VBMS 250 EXAM STUDY GUIDEwhat kind of joints are the ribs - Answer synovial at the top, chondro-fibrous at the
junction
what divides the joint cavity of the costo-vertebral joint - Answer intercapital ligament
costo-vertebral joint - Answer with the head and the vertebrae
costotransverse joint - Answer with the tubercle of the rib and the vertebrae, it is a
sliding joint
Ligaments of the vertebrae/ribs - Answer 1. intercapital ligament
2. dorsal longitudinal ligament
3.costotransverse ligament
# Rib Pairs in dog, horse, ruminant, pig, human - Answer dog- 13
horse- 18
ruminant- 13
pig - 14 to 15
human- 12
# sternal rib pairs in dog, horse, ruminant, pig, human - Answer dog - 9
horse - 8
ruminant - 8
pig - 7
human - 7
the thoracic girdle is a... - Answer synsarcosis
jugular groove is between the..... - Answer sternocephalicus and brachiocephalicus
order of the epaxial muscles (top to bottom) - Answer 1. transversospinalis muscles
2. longissimus muscles (biggest)
3. Iliocostalis muscles
epaxial are above the.... - Answer transverse processes
, hypaxials are below the..... - Answer transverse process
Blood supply to the thorax - Answer L. subclavian
what does the aorta branch into (2) - Answer 1. Left subclavian artery
2. Brachiocephalic trunk
Vascular supply to the thoracic wall - Answer the left subclavian branches into the
intercostal artery
Openings of the diaphragm - Answer 1. aortic hiatus
2. esophageal hiatus
3. Caudal (table) foramen
diaphragmatic mode of respiration - Answer results in contraction of the diaphragm
(most important)
costal mode of respiration - Answer when more exertion is required (ribs move like a
bucket handle and muscle contraction widens and shortens rib cage)
Muscles for inspiration - Answer serratus ventralis and dorsalis (cranial), scalenus,
external intercostals
Muscles for expiration - Answer passive, abdominal muscles, internal intercostals
(dorsally), transversus thoracis
what nerve innervates the diaphragm - Answer phrenic nerve (C5-C7) - a somatic nerve
types of Pleura - Answer 1. Parietal (outer) - costal, diaphragmatic, mediastinal
2. Visceral (inner) - pulmonary
What is pleura - Answer A pleura is a serous membrane that folds back on itself to form
a two-layered membranous pleural sac. The outer layer is called the parietal pleura and
attaches to the chest wall. The inner layer is called the visceral pleura and covers the
lungs, blood vessels, nerves, and bronchi.
costodiaphragmatic line = - Answer line of pleural reflection
Line of Pleural Reflection - Answer The lines along which the parietal pleura changes
direction as it passes from one wall of the pleural cavity to another are called the lines of
pleural reflection.
Lines of pleural reflection in Cat, Dog, Horse, Ruminant, Pig - Answer cat - 13
Canine- 13
Horse - 17-18
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